[en] The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the mechanisms of liver congestion by the tissue clearance method using ¹³¹I-labeled human serum albumin ¹³¹I-HSA. Direct injection of ¹³¹I-HSA into hepatic parenchyma of the dog was followed by measurement of its radioactivity by external counting. The disappearing ¹³¹I-HSA showed two exponential curves, which suggested that the injected ¹³¹I-HSA was carried away by blood flow at first, but later by lymph and bile flow; the component of the first curve was due to disappearance of ¹³¹I-HSA through blood vessels and that of the second curve was through lymph and bile duct. The T1/2 of the second phase was used as an index of the lymphodynamics of the liver. Various hepatic diseases were studied in the same manner. The clearance of ¹³¹I-HSA was delayed more in chronic hepatic diseases than in normal subjects. A close correlation was observed between the T1/2 in various hepatic diseases, the liver function test, and the scintigraphic findings. The clearance of ¹³¹I-HSA introduced directly into the hepatic parenchyma may indicate the lymphodynamics of the liver. A correlation was found between the hepatic lymph and the intrahepatic bile duct. The clearance of ¹³¹I-HSA was delayed more in chronic hepatic diseases than in normal subjects. The amount of hepatic lymph flow may be proportional to that of hepatic blood flow and could then be considered an indication of fibrous changes in the liver. (auth.)

[en] The improvement of absorption and hydrodynamic efficiency was experimentally investigated by using a double-foil target with a pinhole for laser beam. The behavior of the accelerated target is reasonably consistent with a cannonball acceleration model. The absorption rate and the hydrodynamic efficiency increased by factors of 14 and 7, respectively, in comparison with a single foil target under the same irradiation condition. (author)

[en] Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs), particularly sensitive to soft x-rays, plays a key role in laser plasma measurements in such methods as x-ray imaging and spectroscopy. A wide range of linear response, low-noise, distortion-free images, long term stability, and uniform sensitivity over the entire detection area enable us to speedily acquire highly accurate information regarding laser plasma creation and energy transport. Methods of absolute calibration and the practical applications of x-ray CCD to laser plasma measurements are presented. (author)

[en] The measurement of the implosion of nuclear fusion pellets is the high level technology for precisely measuring the high speed phenomena which are caused in very high temperature, high density substances. In the outer circumference of the fuel pellets subjected to laser heating, ablation region is formed. The pressure in this region reaches several ten million atmosphere, and by this reaction, the fuel part is accelerated inward. Thus, the extremely high temperature and high density of the fuel compressed in spherically symmetrical state are attained. The implosion motion is controlled by the inertia force of the fluid forming pellets, and the time of confining fuel itself is about several hundreds ps, and the total implosion process finishes in 1-several ns. The initial diameter of pellets is limited by drive laser energy, and is 0.5-1 mm at present, and the core diameter at maximum compression is several tens μm, accordingly in order to accurately grasp implosion motion, high temporal and spatial resolutions are required. The diagnostic technology for implosion centers around the observation of compression motion and its spherical symmetry, fuel density and fuel diameter, fuel temperature and the measurement of particles produced by nuclear reaction. Respective measuring methods are explained. (K.I.)

[en] Properties of laser-produced plasmas (LPP) are described to generate intense radiation for various applications including extreme ultra-violet (EUV) light for next generation lithography. After an overview of LPP physics, state-of-the-art topics relevant to the 13.5 nm EUV source are described. (author)

[en] A monochromatic x-ray frame imager with toroidally bent crystals has been developed for use in laser fusion experiments. It consists of two arrays of bent-crystals and a fast x-ray framing camera. Temporal resolution of 35 ps, spatial resolution of 10 μm, and spectral resolution of 10 eV have been simultaneously attained. This performance is sufficiently high to provide spatial profiles of monochromatic x-ray images of a laser implosion dynamical core. These data have allowed temporal evolutions of electron temperature and density profiles in the core to be obtained, for the first time, in combination with a novel experimental technology and analysis technique on x-ray spectroscopy. (author)

No abstract available

[en] This paper presents the experimental basis and instrumentation for GEKKO XII laser fusion program developed at the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka university. Physical parameters evaluated for the imploded fusion pellet demand a new region of diagnostics and detection systems. Present status and future planning of these diagnostics and data acquisition system are described. (author)

No abstract available

[en] The coupling mechanism of CO₂ laser with plasma has been investigated. With respect to the laser power density, three different absorption regions are observed: the classical absorption, the parametric decay instability, and the resonant absorption. The laser system used for the experiments is ''Lekko I''. The output energy of the laser light is up to 100 Joule in 2 nsec, and the pulse duration is varied from 2 - 70 nsec with the rise time of 1 nsec. For the first region due to the classical absorption, the dependence of the velocity on incident power density is proportional to phi 1/3, where phi is the laser power density. The second region introduced by the onset of anomalous absorption has the threshold power density of 10¹⁰ W/cm². The third region is characterized by the saturation of the mean velocity of accelerated target at the power density 2 x 10¹¹ W/cm². This saturation can be explained as follows: the increase of hot ions carries away a large amount of absorbed laser energy producing less momentum on the target, and with these hot ions high temperature component of electrons and self induced magnetic field are observed. These features can be interpreted as the characteristics of resonant absorption. (Fujii, T.)