[en] Macroscopic properties and characteristics of nuclear systems are investigated. A special attention is paid to a problem of macroscopic system stability. A problem of change in energy of the ordinary Fermi system for small arbitrary deformations of its surface shape from a spherical one has been considered. Thermal radiation of very excited nuclei has been studied. Formulae for a mean radiation width of resonant levels of compound nucleus and for its mean quadrautic fluctuation from a level to a level are presented. Temperatures of concrete nuclei have been determined. Effects appearing on fast rotation of nonspherical nuclei are discussed. Position of rotational levels and intensity of quadrupole transitions between them are analyzed. Thermodynamic characteristics of heated spherical nuclei are calculated. Principles of a macroscopic approach are applied to the investigations into the processes of relativistic nucleus collision

[en] The strictly reversible, thermodynamically equilibrium nature of the free rotation of a body makes it possible to obtain a number of bounds on the rotational characteristics within individual rotational bands of nonspherical nuclei. As a result, the bounds between which the possible values of the critical spin J/sub C/ lie can be expressed exclusively in terms of a restricted number of the experimentally most accessible data on the lower phase J< J/sub C/ for a given nuclide. The bounds are tested on the ground-state rotational bands (yrast lines) of even--even nuclei, in which the corresponding phase transition (backbending) has already been observed experimentally. For nuclei with pronounced nonsphericity, all the bonds are invariably confirmed. For the ground-state rotational bands for which the phase transition point J = J/sub C/ has not yet been reached, predictions are made for the corresponding values of J/sup min//sub C/ and, especially, J/sup max//sub C/. The specific features of excited rotational bands, and also the bands of odd nuclei are discussed

[en] Various distribution functions characterising the thermally irradiated lepton pairs are found under the fixed temperature of electromagnetic transparent plasma volume. It is shown that the energy distribution in the thermal irradiation photon spectrum resmbles the Fermi-distribution of source elementary quark radiators. In actually achievable quark-gluon plasma production situation under the ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions the plasma hydrodynamical broadening accompanied by cooling is taken into account. Resulting distribution of electromagnetically interacting paricles by energies and angles in the closed form is found. Taking into account the possible experiment difficulties, leptons and mostly muons appear to be the most accepatable

[en] A problem about reflection of thermal and very cold polarized neutrons from a superconductor has been considered. The relationships connecting the polarization ratio of reflection factors with the depth of magnetic field penetration under various experimental conditions have been derived. 5 refs

[en] Investigations into evaluation of metal fracture ductility of heat-affected zone (HAZ) were carried on using specimens of perlitic vessel steel 15Kh2NMFA with weld overlay of 07Kh25N13 austenitic band (the first layer) and 04Kh20N10G2B (the second layer). It is established that at temperatures below 193 K bimetal crack resistance is characterized with HAZ metal crack resistance, at higher temperatures - with base metal crack resistance. A conclusion of necessity of considering mechanical heterogeneity of different zones of bimetal compounds in evaluation of serviceability of structures made of them is drawn

[en] In the framework of the thermodynamic approach a number of inequalities are derived which restrict the rotational characteristics in separate rotational bands of nonspherical even-even nuclei. It is shown that the lower and upper limits between which possible values of the critical spin Jsub(C) lie can be expressed exclusively in terms of a restricted number of the most experimentally accessible data on the lower phase J< Jsub(C) for a given nuclide. A verification is performed for the ground state rotational bands (yrast-lines) of even-even nuclei in which the corresponding phase transition (backbending) has already been observed experimentally. For pronouncedly nonspherical nuclei all of the inequalities are invariably confirmed. For those of the ground state rotational bands for which the phase transition point J=Jsub(C) has not been attained experimentally, predictions are maid in relation to the values of their Jsub(C)sup(min) and in particular of Jsub(C)sup(max). The characteristic features of excited rotational bands and of the bands of odd nuclei are discussed

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] A consistent theory of the shell and magic oscillations of the masses of spherical nuclei is developed on the basis of the Fermi liquid concept of the energy spectrum of nuclear matter. A ''magic'' relationship between the system's dimensions and the limiting momentum of the quasi-particle distribution is derived; an integer number of the de Broglie half-waves falls on the nuclear diameter. An expression for the discontinuity in the nucleon binding energy in the vicinity of a magic nucleus is obtained. The role of the residual interaction is analyzed. It is shown that the width of the Fermi-surface diffuseness due to the residual interaction is proportional to the squared vector of the quasi-particle orbital angular momentum. The values of the corresponding proportionality factors (the coupling constant for quasi particles) are determined from the experimental data for 52 magic nuclei. The rapid drop of the residual interaction with increasing nuclear size is demonstrated. (7 figures, 3 tables) (U.S.)

No abstract available