[en] Methods of production of ions of short-living isotopes with half-life less than 10s are under discussion. Methods, in which thermally equilibrium processes of ion emission play a leading role, are considered. These processes are based on evaporation of emitter atoms and desorption of foreign atoms both diffusing to the surface out of the emitter volume and absorbed by the surface from a plasma phase. Efficiencies of the sources with thermal ionization in a chamber and thermal and photoionization in a chamber and also of gas-discharge source are determined both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that use of the source with thermal ionization in mass spectroscopy provides detection of isotopes with ionization potential up to 6V and desorption time and half-life about 1s, and with ionization potential about 6-8V and a half-life above 10s. Application of gas-discharge ion sources is promising only during the detection of isotopes with low desorption time

[en] This paper discusses methods for obtaining ions, in which the main role is played by thermal-equilibrium processes of emission of ions from the surface, based on the evaporation of atoms of the emitter itself and desorption of foreign atoms, both diffusing to the surface from the volume of the irradiated emitter and adsorbed by the surface from the plasma phase. Processes occurring in the plasma-filled cavity bounded by the emitting walls, could be significant from the viewpoint of the in yield. In particular, the interaction of laser radiation with the plasma give rise to nonequilibrium ionization in the cavity. The authors employ the standard terminology used in solid-state and plasma physics

No abstract available

[en] The theoretical analysis of lithium ionization processes in a ion source and rhenium surface ionization in the mode, being characterized by the fact that the processes of surface ionization on walls and electron emission from ionizer channel walls are combined with the thermal ionization in volume, is carried out. Analytical dependences and illustrating material - the result of calculations of the working process in the source - permitting to determine current characteristics of the source depending on the characteristic ionizer channel sizes, temperature conditions of its operation and the mode of lithium supply to the ionizer are presented. It is shown that the mode of thermal ionization in volume under certain limits of lithium yield through the source can be turned out to be competitive (by the level of values of the ionization degree and current density) with respect to the mode of ion-formation absence in volume

[en] The results of simulation of magnetic field distribution in a gas spark gap of a ion source with a peripheral magnetic field generated by means of a multipole system with permanent linear magnets are presented. The considered magnetic systems ensures a rather high value of magnetic field on the inner surface of the spark gap wall. The system assures rapid (close to exponential) drop of magnetic field to the depth of the gas spark gap, so that rather large volume of plasma practically free from the magnetic field (H<10 Oe) can be obtained

[en] On the basis of the analytical solution of the self-consistent problem on ion current passing through the accelerating gap emitter - an extending electrode of a plane configuration with regard to initial rates of charged particles, it is shown that the ''law of 3/2 degree'' with sufficient accuracy (∼4%) describes the pattern of charged particle current passing through the accelerating gap only in case, if the extending electrode potential given V_min ≥1000. For cases, when 250 ≤V<1000, it is suggested a new regularity permitting to analyse the operation of an interelectrode gap with the same accuracy

[en] An equipment has been designed to extend the scope of control of ion beam flux for an intensive ion beam source used for plasma injection in magnetic vessels. The control equipment is connected to the electromagnet power supply. A consumption regulator is fitted in the operating gas supply to the hollow cathode of the ion source. A circuit is also included for discharge voltage maintenance consisting of a control element and a discharge voltage pick-up. (M.D.). 1 fig

[en] One of the most important problems in solving the problem of controlled thermonuclear fusion is creation of effective injectors of power fluxes of hydrogen (deuterium) atoms intended for plasma heating up to thermonuclear temperatures. The main element determining basic injector parameters is plasma ion source. The multielectrode ion-optical system (IOS) of such source for 160 keV is studied. Main attension is given to IOS optimization on geometry and potential distribution to decrease electrode energy release. It is shown that in multielectrode IOS with seccessive acceleration proton shaped beams obtaining with energy up to 160 keV at the emission current density of about 0.3 A/cm² is possible. Distribution of secondary particle fluxes on IOS electrodes and power released on them depend on relation of electric field strength in cascades. Energy release distribution on electrode jumpers perimeter turns to be essentially nonuniform which should be taken into consideration at their cooling calculations under stationary performance regimes

No abstract available

[en] Considered is the motion of secondary ions formed in the volume of ion-optical system (IOS) of ion source as a result of recharging and ionization, as well as the motion of electrons produced on the accelerating electrode (AE) under the effect of ion-electron emission. Trajectories of charged particles are plotted, and distributions of heat fluxes between electrodes are determined using an integrator of the ''electrolytic cell'' type. Selected was the IOS source geometry without the external magnetic field which provides the obtaining of hydrogen ion beam with the current approximately equal to 35 A and energy up to 40 keV at the pulse duration of tens of milliseconds. The source has a discharge chamber, where a low-voltage discharge is ignited providing for uniform ion delivery on the plasma emission boundary with the current density about 0.5 A/cm², and multi-slit three-electrode IOS, which in its turn permits to extract and form ion beams with the current emission density up to 0.5 A/cm² at the divergence angle of the elementary beam from one IOS cell about +-1.3 deg. Emission (EE), accelerating (AE) and output (OE) electrodes are made as molybdenum lattices, whose slit length is much more than their width. It is found out that heat flux distribution on the electrodes of initial IOS is nonuniform and is determined by the configuration of of equipotentials between the AE and OE, mainly, by the surface form of secondary plasma. It is possible to obtain a convex in the direction of AE reverse meniscus, to redistribute secondary particle fluxes and practically to discharge the emission electrode by the absolute value decrease of the AE potential. It is also possible to achieve heat liberation on the EE at uniform and moderate heat liberation on all electrodes by the change of IOS geometry