[en] SQUID can measure extremely small magnetic field based on superconducting loop containing Josephson junction. Since the invention of SQUID at 1964, it was applied in various areas. SQUID can be divided into DC SQUID and rf SQUID, and they can be used in measurement of neutral activity inside brains, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), mineral exploration, earthquake prediction and detection of gravitational wave. Recently much attention has paid on the cryogenic detector because of its ultra high energy resolution, where the energy resolution of the cryogenic detector is 5 ∼ 10 times higher than that of the conventional detector. The cryogenic detector can be used in material analysis in semiconductor industry, the protein analysis, and the nuclear material analysis in actinide. SQUID is used to process the signal from microcalorimeter, and SQUID for multi channel microcalorimeter has been developed. This report contains the introduction of SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interface Device) for signal processing of cryogenic detector and the development of ultra high-resolution cryogenic detector

[en] Korea Nuclear Fuel fabrication company(KNF) want to replace the neutron source, Cf-252(10⁹ n/s) to the neutron generator, which is used in the fresh fuel homogenization test because the Cf-252 price is increasing. For the feasibility test, a computer simulation has been carried out by Kyunghee Univ. in 2008 and KNF has a plan to purchase a neutron generator(10⁷ n/s) in 2009 for the experimental feasibility test. While the neutron flux is decreased from 10⁹ n/s(Cf-252) to 10⁷ n/s(Generator), to keep the current working speed, more advanced technology should be applied to the system. So we did a preliminary test for the system and check the feasibility. As the result, we found the feasibility to detect the 10 % enrichment difference with the neutron generator and gamma measurement system.

[en] The purpose of this research project is to support the IAEA Member State Support Program(MSSP) for the test of safeguards equipment and measures in PRIDE. Through the research project, PRIDE safeguards information system, which could collect and manage the Near Real Time Accoutancy(NRTA), surveillance image, radiation monitoring, and process monitoring data of PRIDE, was developed, and performance test result of PRIDE UNDA and ST-LIBS were obtained. The international collaboration on IAEA safeguards was continued through the research project. Based on the results of the research project, it is expected that the safeguards information from PRIDE and the IAEA MSSP on the safeguards could enhance the nuclear transparency of the pyroprocessing.

[en] Silicon carbide(SiC) is a promising semiconductor materials by virtue of its chemical and physical stability due to high binding energy of silicon and carbon. This report is for suggestion of domestic research direction based on SiC semiconductor radiation detector by analysis of technological trend on world SiC semiconductor radiation detector research. Crystalline structure and electrical characteristics of SiC semiconductor are presented. To fabricated a SiC semiconductor radiation detector, epitaxial growth and junction technologies are also addressed. Characteristics of a SiC semiconductor radiation detector for charged/uncharged particles are analyzed. Radiation hardness of a SiC semiconductor radiation detector are also included

[en] The development of cryogenic detector and the ultra high-resolution measurement technique based on the detector is discussed in this report. Cryogenic detector has developed from the bolometer-type detect or to the superconductor-based detector, which could be used to measure the energy of particle with the ultra high resolution. Since the energy resolution of the cryogenic detector can be improved at around 5 ∼ 10 times comparing to the energy resolution of the conventional detector, the cryogenic detector can be used in various application areas. At first, the cryogenic detector was used in high energy physics. Now it can be used in various areas such as the semiconductor industry, the analysis of molecular DNA structure, and isotope identification of actinide isotope. The small band gap semiconductor detector, which is based on InSb and InAs, is also important detector, because the energy resolution of the detector can be improved at 3 ∼ 5 times comparing to the Si or Ge-based detector. The technical progress of the low temperature cooling system, the enhancement of detection area based on the array structure, and the enhancement of the semiconductor crystal quality make it possible to use the cryogenic detector in various application areas

[en] Nuclear power accounts for more than 30 percent of power production in Korea. Its significance has annually been increased. Disposal spent fuel containing uranium, transuranic elements, and fission products is unavoidable byproduct of nuclear power production. it is recognized that finding appropriate sites for interim storage of disposal spent fuel is not easy because isolated sites should be required. Pyro-processing technology, Pyro-processing should be operated under high radiation environment in hot-cell structures. Because of this reason, all workers should be unauthorized to access inside the hot-cell areas under any circumstances except for acceptable dose verification and a normal operation should be remotely manipulated. For the reliable normal operation of pyroprocessing, it is noted that an evaluation of the space dose distribution in the hot-cell environments is necessary in advance in order to determine which technologies or instruments can be utilized on or near the process as the Integrated Operation Verification System (IOVS) is measured. Not like the electroreduction and electro-refining hot-cells, the head-end hot-cell equips Camera Radiation Detector (CRD) in which plutonium is securely measured and monitored for the safeguard of the pyro-processing. Results have been obtained using F2 surface tally in order to observe the magnitude of the gamma-ray and neutron flux which pass through the surface of the process cell. Furthermore, T-mesh tally has also been used to obtain the space dose distribution in the headend hot-cell. The hot-cell was divided into 7,668 cells in which each dimension was 1 x 1 x 1m for the T-mesh tally. To determine the position of the CRD and the surveillance camera, divergent approaches were required. Because the purpose of the CRD which contains a gamma-ray detector and a neutron detector is to identify the material composition as the process proceeds, the position in which detectable flux is exposed is required, whereas excess flux can deteriorate the performance of the CRD and shorten its usage of period

[en] The radiation detector research group at KAERI has developed a high efficiency neutron detector using a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM). The double GEM was fabricated and operated in an Ar/Isobutane mixture. For an application to a high efficiency neutron detector, ⁶Li or ¹⁰B neutron converters coated on each surface of the multi GEM foils were considered. The optimized thickness of the thin film for a neutron detection was calculated with the MCNP and SRIM. The neutron efficiency was calculated by changing the chemical components of the thin film, and the thickness of the thin film. The thermalized neutrons were measured by a GEM detector with a thin neutron converter on the drift plate

[en] The C13-C21 segment of tedanolide was obtained in 20% yield over 14 steps from the aldehyde. The key steps were metal-mediated allylation and the Roush asymmetric crotylation. Ongoing efforts toward the completion of tedanolide are currently in progress and will be reported in due course. The highly cytotoxic macrolide tedanolide was isolated by Schmitz and co-workers from the Caribbean sponge Tedanis ignis in 1984. This antitumor macrolide features four labile aldol units, a side chain containing a hydroxy epoxide ring, an 18-membered lactone, and the crowded contiguous chiral centers at C16-C19. It also shows in vitro cytotoxicity against KB and PS cell lines (ED₅₀'s: 250 pg/mL and 16 pg/mL, respectively) and in vivo antitumor activity, increasing the lifespan of mice implanted with lymphocytic leukemia cells. Because of their unusual structural features and powerful biological activities, and have attracted considerable attention of synthetic chemists. Recently Kalesse and Smith have reported successful total synthesis of tedanolide, respectively. We have reported our synthetic studies on tedanolide. As part of our synthetic studies toward, we now report a concise and stereoselective synthesis of the C13-C21 fragment

[en] A PyRoprocess Integrated Inactive Demonstration facility (PRIDE) is currently being constructed inside Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). PRIDE is an engineering scale (10 ton/yr) pyroprocess demonstration facility and will use un-irradiated materials (natural uranium and surrogate materials) in its process. A safeguards system, included the process monitoring technology is being developed. A gamma monitoring system is being optimized by using simulation. To ensure the accuracy of the simulation, the gamma spectrum from natural uranium was compared between simulation and measurement. The simulation process is described herein and the representative results are presented

[en] The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has developed a safeguards technology for pyroprocessing based on the Safeguards-By-Design (SBD) concept. KAERI took part in a Member-State Support Program (MSSP) to establish a pyroprocessing safeguards approach. A Reference Engineering-scale Pyroprocessing Facility (REPF) concept was designed on which KAERI developed its safeguards system. Recently the REPF is being upgraded to the REPF+, a scaled-up facility. For assessment of the nuclear-material accountancy (NMA) system, KAERI has developed a simulation program named Pyroprocessing Material Flow and MUF Uncertainty Simulation (PYMUS). The PYMUS is currently being upgraded to include a Near-Real-Time Accountancy (NRTA) statistical analysis function. The Advanced Spent Fuel Conditioning Process Safeguards Neutron Counter (ASNC) has been updated as Non-Destructive Assay (NDA) equipment for input-material accountancy, and a Hybrid Induced-fission-based Pu-Accounting Instrument (HIPAI) has been developed for the NMA of uranium/transuranic (U/TRU) ingots. Currently, performance testing of Compton-suppressed Gamma-ray measurement, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), and homogenization sampling are underway. These efforts will provide an essential basis for the realization of an advanced nuclear-fuel cycle in the ROK