[en] High momentum jets and hadrons can be used as probes for the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formed in nuclear collisions at high energies. We investigate the influence of fluctuations in the fireball on jet quenching observables by comparing propagation of light quarks and gluons through averaged, smooth QGP fireballs with event-by-event jet quenching using realistic inhomogeneous fireballs. We find that the transverse momentum and impact parameter dependence of the nuclear modification factor R_AA can be fit well in an event-by-event quenching scenario within experimental errors. However the transport coefficient (cflx q) extracted from fits to the measured nuclear modification factor R_AA in averaged fireballs underestimates the value from event-by-event calculations by up to 50%. On the other hand, after adjusting (cflx q) to fit R_AA in the event-by-event analysis we find residual deviations in the azimuthal asymmetry v₂ and in two-particle correlations, that provide a possible faint signature for a spatial tomography of the fireball. We discuss a correlation function that is a measure for spatial inhomogeneities in a collision and can be constrained from data.

[en] Benchmark problem is solved using personal computer Leopard - UM2DB codes in order to validate reactor physics group methodology as well as code versions. Results are compared with those of various research centers. Differences around 1% were found

[en] Clinical dosimetry is a multistep procedure (see Fig. 11.1); each step is essential to obtain an accurate estimate of the absorbed dose delivered to one or more tumours or normal tissues. The first step in the clinical dosimetry workflow is the calibration procedure (step 1). This is a prerequisite for activity determination and may require phantom image acquisition with a known amount of activity that should ideally be traceable to a standard laboratory. Procedures for obtaining quantitative information on the activity or activity concentration from images were presented in Chapter 4 and will include sensitivity determination and may include partial volume and dead time corrections. The calibration procedure is a key step in accurately determining the activity distribution. The calibration step and patient image/data acquisition step (step 2) are linked; the camera settings used in the quantitative imaging calibration procedure should be used for all patient imaging. For single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) quantitative imaging this may mean that the acquisition matrix size, the type of collimator or the number and position of energy windows should remain constant between phantom calibration and patient imaging.

[en] Slaughterhouse wastewater have high concentrations of soluble and insoluble organics which represents environmental troubles, E. G. de oxygenation of rivers, underground water contamination. Anaerobic digestion is an efficient process for wastewater treatment. Performance are increased using microorganisms supported on porous solids. (Author)

[en] Cross sections for the ⁵¹V(n,p) ⁵¹Ti, ⁶⁴Zn(n,2n) ⁶³Zn, ⁵⁶Fe(n,p) ⁵⁶Mn reactions are determinated experimentally, using the method of activation of foils relative to the excitation function for ²⁷A1(n,α). As a neutron source, a small linear accelerator (neutron generator) for 170 KeV deuterium ions was used. A 1.5 mA current induced the reaction: ²H+³H→⁴He+¹n + 17.586 Mev E approx.= 14 MeV (laboratory angletheta=0 deg)

[en] An expert system for diagnosing faults and processing alarms during operation of the Condensate System of a boiling water reactor nuclear power plant is presented here. The main features of this system are its systematic knowledge acquisition methodology, based on Probabilistic Risk Analysis techniques, and an intelligent alarm prioritizing mechanism for generating optimal, very fast inference strategies. The main developing tool for was the GENESIS shell, a specific use tool developed by the authors of this paper. (author). 4 refs, 5 figs

No abstract available

[en] Background: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is an established method for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease, which requires the administration of two doses of 99mTc-Tetrofosmin for diagnosis protocol. Optimization of the activity should be performed as a function of several acquisition parameters for adequate image quality with the lowest radiation exposure. The currently recommended activities have remained unchanged for many years (370/740 MBq rest/stress). A new protocol reducing the activity to be administered has been evaluated with regard to its potential for radiation dose reduction while preserving diagnostic image quality. Methodology: In our protocol for MPI with 99mTc-tetrofosmin®, an activity of 296/629 MBq at rest/stress was applied to 99 patients (36 female, 63 male). A second set of 49 patients (14 female, 35 male) with 259/555 MBq at rest/stress was included in the study. The SPECT scans were acquired with M.GE® dual-head with the standard protocol for MPI. The biodistribution of 99mTc-Tetrofosmin reported by Higley was used in an internal dose calculation program called OLINDA/EXM-1.0® to estimate absorbed radiation doses (mGy) and effective radiation doses (mSv), in our total of patients (female 50 – 100kg / male 43 – 105 kg body mass). Two nuclear medicine physicians have evaluated with visual and quantitative analysis the acceptability of the image quality for clinical interpretation without increasing imaging time. Results: In total there were 148 patients (50 f/ 98 m, age 32 – 88 y). The mean effective dose in females estimated by internal dosimetry was 3.25 and 5.56 mSv at rest/stress respectively. In males the mean effective dose estimated by dosimetry was 2.65 and 4.51 mGy at rest/stress. For male and female patients of the same weight the dosimetry showed that the women’s effective doses are about 17% higher than for men as result of less body muscle mass in women. According to physician’s evaluation, 100 % of the total images were deemed acceptable for interpretation. Conclusion: The international community has been considering the need of decreasing the effective radiation dose as far as possible in patients who require medical imaging involving radiation in order to reduce the associated risks. Recent papers demonstrate progress made in reducing the radiation dose. In this new protocol for reducing the activity to be administered, our results show a radiation dose reduction of 20% at rest and 15% at stress. This study presents new information about the internal dose assessment, concluding that the women’s mean absorbed dose in organs and effective dose is higher than in men. The difference in the effective dose is about 20%. The results of the image quality evaluation suggest that interpretable MPI images can be obtained in adults with a reduction in the administered activity of 20% at rest and 15% at stress. Protocols with high activity of 99mTc-Tetrofosmin should be re-evaluated in favour of those with lower activity, such as the one evaluated here, in order to reduce patients’ absorbed and effective dose. (author)

[en] The mass difference of "1"3"2Xe and "1"3"1Xe has been measured by use of the recently developed phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance (PI-ICR) technique with the precision Penning-trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP. A measured value of M("1"3"2Xe) − M("1"3"1Xe) = 930628611(25)(15) eV is in agreement with the literature value of 930628604(13) eV. This is a first ever measurement of the mass difference of a singly-charged medium–heavy non-mass doublet with a relative uncertainty close to 10"-"1"0. (author)

[en] The Laschamp event ended between 8000 and 20000 years ago. In several other parts of the world, excursions of the Earth's magnetic field have been seen at about this time interval, but at other parts, notably in the Aegean sea, there is no evidence for a reversal or excursion of the field during this time. By using a two dipole model, we have shown that it is possible to produce an apparent reversal at one point on the Earth's surface, which produces deviations in the direction of the magnetic field over a rather small area around the position of reversal. The two dipoles used were a centered axial dipole to model the main magnetic field, and a dipole located at the top of the core, to produce the reversed field above it. Our models show that the data from the Aegean sea are not contradictory with the Laschamp event provided that it is a pseudo reversal. We have also shown that if the non-dipole field is caused by horizontal electric currents at the top of the core, then pseudo reversals are more likely to occur at high latitudes than at low latitudes. (auth.)