[en] This special dossier about the impacts of climate change is made of 6 contributions dealing with: the mitigation of climate effects and how to deal with them (Bertrand Reysset); how to dare and transmit (Laurent Billes-Garabedian); littoral risks, the Pas-de-Calais example (Julien Henique); extreme meteorological events and health impacts (Mathilde Pascal, Philippe Pirard, Yvon Motreff); Biodiversity and climate: the janus of global change (Robert Barbault, Jacques Weber); adapting agriculture to dryness and temperatures (Philippe Gate); Paris and the future heats of the year 2100 (Jean-Luc Salagnac, Julien Desplat, Raphaelle Kounkou-Arnaud)

[en] The contributions of this conference session proposed comments and discussion on the relationship between climate change and 'green' growth, on the status of scientific knowledge on climate change (from global to local), on the way to perform carbon print assessment and to decide which actions to implement, on the costs and opportunity of impacts of climate change, on the economy of adaptation, on the benefits and costs of the adaptation policy, and on impacts of climate change on employment in quantitative terms and in terms of profession types

[en] This huge collective and public publication proposes as every four years an overview of the environment in France as it is perceived or analysed according to various perspectives (economic, social, natural environments, natural resources, and so on) related to the environment and environmental issues. The chapters address social and economic dynamics of the French society since 1990 (territorial dynamics, industry, transports, citizen involvement, controversies and public debate, environmental profiles, Europe and the environment, expenditures for the protection of the environment), the condition of natural environments (French people and natural environments, continental waters, sea waters, soils, atmosphere, outdoor air, indoor air, French people and water quality, French people and air quality), biodiversity or environments under pressure (mineral and agricultural resources, matter prints, energy resources, bio-fuels, uranium, shale gases, GMOs, water resources, fishing resources, wood resources, land uses, wastes, radioactive wastes), the exposure to risks and pollutions (natural risks, technological risks, chronic environmental risks), the evolution towards sustainable ways of life and consumption (food wastage, second lives for objects), the evolution towards economic activities closer to the environment (eco-activities, patents and competitiveness poles, professional training, agricultural training), the evolution towards territories less exposed to environmental risks and pollutions (management of polluted sites and soils, struggle against air pollution, preservation of water resource quality, adaptation to climate change, risk preventions, land planning), and the evolution towards a knowledge society for a more efficient information

[en] Whereas climate change will have significant consequences on various economic sectors (infrastructures, energy and water supply, agriculture, cities and buildings, and so on), population behaviours and uses will have to be deeply changed, and this is more particularly the case for enterprises and companies. This guide aims at presenting solutions to face the challenge of climate change for enterprises. In its first part, it outlines how our climate is already changing, gives an overview of main future climate trends in the World, indicates what will be the future climate in France, discusses the noticeable and brutal consequences for activities, resources and territories, outlines that adaptation to tomorrow's climate begins now, and discusses to which climate we'll have to adapt at the local level. In the second part, this publication explains why enterprises must adapt themselves to climate change: enterprises are in a changing environment, and must take a legal and standard framework into account, but this adaptation will have a cost. Adaptation also means uncertainty management, and enterprises are facing obstacles and brakes to adaptation. The last part describes how to implement a strategy of adaptation in an enterprise: resources for adaptation, integration of enterprise management, understanding needs to convince within the enterprise itself, assessment of vulnerability to climate change, how to define priorities for action, which options to choose to adapt the enterprise, how to implement the strategy and how to follow it up and assess it. Some sector-related sheets are provided in appendix. They indicate identified risks, potential impacts of national policies for enterprises, measures which can be freely implemented by enterprises, and identified opportunities for various sectors (health, agriculture, forest, coastal areas, fishery and aquaculture, energy and industry, transport infrastructure, town planning and built environment, tourism, finance and insurance)

[en] This report identifies the social-environmental challenges associated with climate change for French overseas territories, proposes an analysis of the impact of activities of the different economic sectors on the environment, and proposes some principles for action. After an introduction which outlines the importance of addressing climate change and adaptation, and describes the situation of French overseas territories in front of climate change, a first part identifies and discusses the main social-environmental challenges associated with climate change (climate evolution, role of climate change in a context of economic development, the territory as a resource system, climate change considered as an impact chain, the relative weight of climatic uncertainties). Then, the report analyses the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity, on tourism, on fishing and aquaculture, on agriculture and breeding, on forestry, on health, and on the energy sector. For each of them, the economic weight is indicated and commented, expected impacts are discussed, and adaptation possibilities and implementation modalities are commented. The issue of coastal planning and risks related to climate change is also addressed

[en] After an interview and a contribution of experts about the social-political and climate context within the perspective of the adaptation of French territories to climate change, a first set of contributions addresses, reports and comments several regional studies. They more particularly address knowledge and communication stakes, the scale to approach adaptation to climate change, an action plan for south-eastern France, an example of appropriation of results in Languedoc-Roussillon, the study of mutations related to climate change for a better adaptation, a prospective approach from sequential scenarios to recommendations for action, an attempt to assess costs of adaptation to climate change in three sectors in Normandy (agriculture, health and tourism), and a decision aid for the first assessments of adaptation costs. Another set of contributions addresses the necessity of a debate on the stakes of adaptation for territories: articulation of territorial scales, passage from the awareness of vulnerability to adaptation actions, how to ensure an efficient taking into account of adaptation to climate change in public policies

[en] The first part of this report presents the different aspects of the French national plan for adaptation to climate change: adaptation principles, national strategy, plan preparation, plan content, plan governance. It also comments the present uncertain context, the mobilization in Europe, and climate scenarios for France for the 21. century. A second part proposes a set of sheet presenting the various actions: transverse actions and actions in different fields (health, water, biodiversity, natural risks, agriculture, forest, fishing, tourism, energy and industry, transport infrastructures and services, urban planning and built environment, information, education and training, research, financing and insurance, coasts, mountain, European and international action, governance). A third part reports the content of a round table which discussed ten years (2001-2011) of struggle against climate change

[en] The work of the Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was presented in March 2014. Entitled Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, this second volume of the fifth IPCC Assessment Report details the impacts of climate change to date, future risks due to climate change and opportunities for effective intervention to reduce these risks. The effects of climate change are already being felt in all sectors and in all areas (agriculture, health, land and ocean ecosystems, water supply), and on every land mass and ocean (from small islands to large continents) from the richest to the poorest. Climatic change often interacts with other sources of stress to increase risk. The world is nevertheless unprepared for the risks of climate change and adaptation can contribute greatly to reducing them. Since its creation in 2001, the 'Observatoire national sur les effets du rechauffement climatique' or ONERC has worked for the dissemination of knowledge on climate change and its expected impacts on natural and human systems. Published in 2011 under the aegis of ONERC, the 'Plan national d'adaptation au changement climatique' (national plan for adaptation to climate change) (PNACC) points out that the forest sector has been facing serious crises over the last decade, such as storms, droughts and recurrent forest fires. Climate change appears as an additional risk factor, which must therefore be afforded the keenest attention. From this point on, in addition to these exceptional events we must also take stock of background developments, given the length of forest life cycles. These events and developments present a double aspect, with some more favourable (increased productivity in some areas) and others more problematic (changes to the areas of distribution of species, increased risks), both requiring management. The ONERC advisory board wanted the 2013 report to take up the issue of trees and forests facing the challenges of climate change. This report is intentionally limited to mainland France, since for overseas areas the topic has already been the subject of a chapter in the sector-specific analysis of a previous report entitled 'Les outre-mer face au defi du changement climatique' ('Overseas departments facing the challenge of climate change'). Moreover, most of the elements related to forest management are still relevant for overseas areas. This report is organized into seven chapters. The first introduces the problem, outlining the different aspects of trees and forests and explaining the different services they provide. The second deals with the visible or expected effects of climate change on trees and forests. The third deals with protective forests and explores possible developments of this particular service. The fourth looks at forest management methods promoting the adaptation of forests and trees. The fifth tackles the lesser known problem of agroforestry, the usefulness of trees for adaptation in agricultural areas. The sixth reflects upon those economic activities related to the forest industries. The seventh and final chapter addresses the topic with an unusual perspective, suggesting a walk in the Troncais forest in 2050. Three appendices complete this report: Appendix 1 - report on the observatory's activity, Appendix 2 - abbreviations and acronyms, Appendix 3 - contributors and acknowledgements