[en] Radiofrequency Electromagnetic (RF EMF) Field is used in a lot of application, mainly for communication. These day, wireless communication become a need and play a vital role in human life. To allow wireless communication connected via mobile phones, communication tower must be around int the area of the user. The increasing numbers of communication tower raise a concern on the health effects of RF EMF toward human. This study involved 13 communication tower around Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Kuala Nerus is the new district in the state of Terengganu which had been declared as a separate district from Kuala Terengganu in 2014. The RF EMF safety assessment was conducted using broad band electromagnet probe. The RF level in this safety assessment was measured in unit V/m and μW/cm². RF EMF radiation levels measured from this study were compared to the exposure limits toward human as mentioned in Mandatory Standard issued by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Result of the study show that RF radiation level at Kuala Nerus, Terengganu is still far below the permissible exposure limit by MCMC and ICNIRP. (author)

[en] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) classified ultraviolet as non-ionizing radiation. However, referring to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which is a national public health agency of the United States state that ultraviolet band consist of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation depend on the energy and wavelength of the ultraviolet. Ultraviolet also known to have health effects to the human body, especially towards skin and eye. Despite of having negative effect to the human body, ultraviolet radiation also have the positive effects which is, it stimulates the production of vitamin D and have germicidal capabilities. To balance the positive and negative effects, there should be a guideline to make sure the ultraviolet from man-made sources do have enough safety aspect before placement in the market. Due to the increasing use of UVGI marketed for home use for COVID-19, World Health Organization (WHO) warned about potential hazard of UV radiation and advised against use of UVGI to disinfect hand or skin. In Malaysia, currently, there is no guideline on limiting of use of UVGI. This study aim to highlight the safety issue on the UVGI based on literature review and practice from other countries. (author)

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[en] Non-ionising radiation (NIR) is known to be hazardous if the amount received is excessive. It is a fact that NIR, including extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields, radiofrequency (RF) and microwave radiation can be found almost everywhere generated by both natural and man-made source. This is due to increase in demand for telecommunication and wireless technology which is become very important and as part of our lives. However, the widespread of the relevant technology contributed more NIR man-made sources exposure to the human. Due to public concern their potential of causing such health hazard, members of public and companies approached and request NIR Group of Nuclear Malaysia to carry out surveys and safety assessments of radiofrequency and microwave radiation emitted by the mobile telephone base station (MTBS) erected near the residential area or installed on the rooftop of the commercial building. Objective of the survey was to assess the presence of radiofrequency and microwave radiation and to identify radiation level which may lead to significant personnel exposure. Findings of the survey was compared to the standard guidelines issued by Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) and International Committee on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). This paper highlights the works that had been carried out by NIR Group of Nuclear Malaysia from 1997 to 2007. We will share the experience and challenge in carried out the NIR safety assessment at mobile telephone base station. Results of the assessment work will be used to develop non-ionising radiation database for future reference in Malaysia. (Author)

[en] 5G is the 5th generation mobile network which is the latest wireless communication technology. The existence of this technology caused public concern towards the exposure of radio frequency (RF) radiation from 5G system will affect human health. A preliminary study has been conducted to evaluate the RF radiation level produce by 5G transmitter in Langkawi Island. In this study, RF level assessment was done at 11 locations where 5 locations are 5G Use Cases Area while 6 locations do not have 5G transmitters. The safety assessment was conducted using broad band electromagnet probe and spectrum analyser at frequency range of 100 MHz and 90 GHz. The strength of RF level was measured in unit V/m and ìW/cm2. Measured RF radiation levels were compared to the exposure limits toward human as mentioned in Mandatory Standard issued by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Result of the study show that RF radiation level at areas with 5G transmitter are higher compared to areas without 5G transmitter. However, the RF radiation level produced by 5G transmitter is still far below the permissible exposure limit by MCMC and ICNIRP. (author)

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[en] The fact that so many people use of mobile phone has been accompanied by public debate about possible adverse effects on human health. The concern relate to the emissions of radiofrequency (RF) radiation from the mobile phone and from the MTBS that receive and transmit the signal. A study had been carried out by Nuclear Malaysia with aims to assess the levels of radiofrequency radiation and to analyze the radiation pattern against time for period of 24 hours. The finding of this study confirms that the MTBS transmit radiofrequency radiation with low level and vary against time. (Author)