[en] Nonlinear Compton scattering and electron-positron pair production have been observed in collisions of low-emittance 46.6 GeV electron beam with terawatt laser pulses from an Nd:glass laser at the experiment E144 at the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC. In nonlinear Compton scattering up to four laser photons interact with an electron. The positrons are interpreted as arising from a two step process in which laser photons are backscattered to GeV energies by the electron beam followed by a collision between the high-energy photon and several laser photons to produce an electron-positron pair. These results are the first laboratory evidence for inelastic light-by-light scattering involving only real photons. Results are in agreement with theoretical calculations of strong-field QED

[en] The saturation of signals for strongly ionizing particles in liquid ionization chambers was measured for the liquid TMS. Tritons of 96 MeV were used which have a mean stopping power of about 21 MeV/g cm^-2 in the liquid. A deviation from the one parameter ansatz of Birk's law for the stopping power is found. Also a strong dependence on the angle of the particle track with respect to the electric field and slight dependence on the strength of the electric field is reported. (orig.)

[en] Configurations of sampling calorimeters with iron, lead and uranium as absorbers have been investigated using liquid ionization chambers as active elements. As liquid tetramethylsilane has been used. Results of beam tests with electrons, pions and muons in the energy range of 2 to 6 GeV are presented and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. In particular the questions regarding which configuration can compensate and the separation of sampling from intrinsic fluctuations have been studied. (orig.)

[en] Continued rapid improvements in formulations for scintillating fibers require the ability to parameterize and predict effects of radiation on detector performance. Experimental techniques necessary to obtain needed information and calculational procedures used in performing predications for hadron scintillating fiber calorimetry in the Superconducting Supercollider environment are described. The experimental techniques involve control of the testing environment, consideration of dose rate effects, and other factors. These calculations involve the behavior of particle showers in the detector, expected levels of radiation, and parameterization of the radiation effects. A summary of significant work is also presented

[en] Clear optical fibers were used as a Cerenkov sampling media in Pb (electromagnetic) and Cu (hadron) absorbers in spaghetti calorimeters, for high rate and high radiation dose experiments, such as the forward region of high energy colliders. The fiber axes were aligned close to the direction of the incident particles (1 degree--7 degree). The 7 λ deep hadron tower contained 2.8% by volume 1.5 mm diameter core clear plastic fibers. The 27 radiation length deep electromagnetic towers had packing fractions of 6.8% and 7.2% of 1 mm diameter core quartz fibers as the active Cerenkov sampling medium. The energy resolution on electrons and pions, energy response, pulse shapes and angular studies are presented

[en] Continued rapid improvements in formulations for scintillating fibers require the ability to parameterize and predict effects of radiation on detector performance. Experimental techniques necessary to obtain desired information and calculational procedures used in performing predictions for hadron scintillating fiber calorimetry in the Superconducting Supercollider environment are described. The experimental techniques involve control of the testing environment, consideration of dose rate effects, and other factors. The calculations involve the behavior of particle showers in the detector, expected levels of radiation, and parameterization of the radiation effects. A summary of significant work is also presented

[en] Nonlinear Compton scattering has been observed in the collision of a low-emittance 46.6-GeV electron beam with terawatt pulses from a Nd:glass laser at 1054 and 527 nm wavelength in an experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC. Peak laser intensities of 10¹⁸ W/cm² have been achieved, corresponding to a value of 0.6 for the parameter η=eE_rms/mω₀c. Results are presented for multiphoton Compton scattering in which up to four laser photons interact with an electron, in agreement with theoretical calculations. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

[en] A signal of 106±14 positrons above background has been observed in collisions of a low-emittance 46.6GeV electron beam with terawatt pulses from a Nd:glass laser at 527nm wavelength in an experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC. The positrons are interpreted as arising from a two-step process in which laser photons are backscattered to GeV energies by the electron beam followed by a collision between the high-energy photon and several laser photons to produce an electron-positron pair. These results are the first laboratory evidence for inelastic light-by-light scattering involving only real photons. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society

[en] We report on the collision of 1.5 ps (FWHM) laser pulses traversing at 17 a short similar 7 ps (FWHM) 46.6 GeV electron bunch. The phase-locked system used to maintain the correct timing of the laser pulses and the appropriate diagnostics are described. The jitter between the laser and electron pulses is determined from the stability of the observed rate of Compton scatters and can be described by a Gaussian distribution with σ_j≅2.2 ps. (orig.)

[en] The design and the mass production of the proportional wire chambers for the barrel part of the uranium-gas sampling hadron calorimeter of the L3 detector at the CERN Large Electron-Positron storage ring (LEP) are described. The chambers meet the specific requirements arising from the limited space available to the calorimeter, the radioactivity of uranium, and the physics criteria of good energy and position resolution for incident hadrons. The mass production techniques employed ensured that all of the 371664 chamber cells have uniform response (with 5% accuracy) to ionizing particles. Over 8000 chambers of the same design, in 53 different sizes, were manufactured and tested at the ITEP (Moscow), at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) and at the IHEP (Beijing). (orig.)