[en] The present thesis describes the measurement of the structure function of the proton in deep inelastic electron proton reactions, which were taken up 1993 with the H1 experiment at HERA. The combination of the F₂ values for y>0.15 and 8.5≤Q²≤65 GeV² calculated in the present thesis by the electron analysis with the results of an analysis basing on the Σ-procedure led to the 1995 published proton structure function of H1

[en] This report highlights most recent results on the quark-gluon structure of the proton obtained in inclusive deep inelastic ep scattering with the collider experiments H1 and ZEUS at HERA. (author)

[en] The impact of past, present and future measurements at HERA, the electron-proton collider at DESY, on the physics exploration of the LHC at CERN is potentially large. To explore this potential, a group of experimentalists and theorists from DESY, CERN and beyond are pursuing a workshop programme which addresses this opportunity in detail and thus aims at strengthening the link between ep and pp physics, including the Tevatron. As the machine dedicated to the exploration of the partonic structure of the proton and of the strong interactions, HERA has a decisive role in enabling measurements at the LHC to be interpreted and quantitatively understood by employing the precision of the measurements at HERA and the accuracy of perturbative QCD to NNLO as well as by testing the validity of QCD at high sea quark and gluon densities

[en] A measurement of the polarized neutron structure function g₁ⁿ(x,Q²) in deep inelastic positron-³He scattering is presented. The result is based on events collected in the commissioning year 1995 of HERMES, the internal gas target experiment at HERA. In the measured range 0.023< x<0.6 the g₁ⁿ function decreases towards low Bjorken x and leads at fixed Q₀²=2.5 GeV² to an evaluation of its first moment which is consistent with the results of experiments at SLAC and CERN

[en] Initial semi-inclusive studies using a polarized electron-proton collider facility, 5 GeV on 50 GeV, are performed. The kinematic range 0.001< x<0.7 and 1< Q²<100 GeV² is explored based on an assumed integrated luminosity of 1 fb-1, and assuming 70% polarization for each of the beams. The access of the flavor separated quark contributions to the nucleon spin seems to be feasible with good precision over a wide kinematic range, in particular a first determination of the poorly known strange quark polarization at x<0.05 would be possible with such a machine

No abstract available

[en] The status of our understanding the spin-flavor structure of the nucleon is discussed based on most recent data from inelastic scattering experiments at SLAC, JLAB and DESY. Recent insights from current measurements and promising directions for future measurements are highlighted. (author)

[en] The increasing precision of the measurements on the proton structure and an improved treatment of the correlated systematic experimental errors constitute a major step forward in our understanding of the flavour decomposition of the proton and the momentum distributions of the various flavours. Together with theoretical progress on the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to deep inelastic scattering processes, the proton measurements already imply a new level of precision for the strong coupling constant α_s. The progress in the measurements on the quantum fluctuations of the photon allows questions on the universal properties of hadronic structures to be addressed. (orig.)

[en] The nuclear polarization of H2 molecules formed by recombination of polarized H atoms on a Drifilm coated storage cell has been measured by using the longitudinal double spin asymmetry in deep inelastic positron-proton scattering. From the result of the measurement, a non-zero nuclear polarization for the atoms on the surface can be derived

[en] The development and first results are described of a silicon strip detector telescope for the HERA experiment H1 designed to measure the polar angle of deep inelastic scattered electrons at small Bjorken x and low momentum transfers Q². (orig.)