[en] Different treatments of the particles at the boundary wall in a magnetized and bounded simulation plasma are studied extensively. It is shown that Lee and Okuda's boundary conditions are numerically unstable. The existence of drift wave like instability at the boundary is verified numerically. Methods to eliminate this surface instability are presented, which do not produce any density gradients or surface currents at the boundary. (auth.)

[en] Improved methods for initially loading particles in a magnetized simulation plasma with nonuniform density and temperature distributions are proposed. In the usual guiding center loading (GCL), a charge separation coming from finite Larmor radius effects remains because of the difference between the guiding center density and the actual density. The modified guiding center loading (MGCL) presented here eliminates the electric field so generated and can be used for arbitrary density and temperature profiles. Some applications of these methods to actual simulations are given for comparison. The significance of these methods of initial particle loadings is also discussed

No abstract available

[en] A new matching scheme is proposed in a form that the numerical analysis of linear MHD stability analysis, such as RWMs, is highly tractable. The scheme divides the plasma region into outer regions and inner layers, as in the conventional matching method. However the outer regions do not contain any rational surface as their terminal points; an inner layer contains a rational surface as an interior point. The Newcomb equation is therefore regular in the outer regions. The matching condition is given as a linear equation on the values of the solution at the matching points, which can be easily solved. The proposed scheme facilitates our analyzing the effect of plasma rotation around rational surfaces on RWMs, which gets attention in order to realize a stationary high performance tokamak. (author)

No abstract available

[en] This review firstly presents a brief description of the main components of the immune system (lymphoid tissues including nodes, thymus, spleen, G-I tract etc), and lists in outline the types of assays of function, unique probes and critical techniques presently used to investigate immune phenomena (use of highly inbred mice, immunodiffusion for detecting interaction of antigen and antibody, electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry). The wide spectrum of radiosensitivities exhibited by the cell types of the immune system is then discussed and data presented in tabular form in relation to cell traffic, secondary lymphoid tissues such as spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, thymus, and to low dose augmentation in relation to tumours. Comparison is made of the immunological effects of cyclophosphamide and radiation. (UK)

[en] Internal disruption in a tokamak, which is a nonlinear phenomena associated with the m = 1 (poloidal) and n = 1 (toroidal) kinetic internal kink modes has been simulated by the parallelized version of the three-dimensional magnetoinductive gyrokinetic particle code, GYR3D. The δf method, which is a quite low noise technique, is utilized in the code. The phenomena after the fast Kadomtsev type full reconnection are investigated. (author)

[en] We can expect that fluoroscopic images with a high sensitivity and excellent detective efficiency can be obtained by using a semiconductor with a small W factor for the conversion layer of X-ray flat-panel detectors, which have experienced a rapid gain inpopularity for medical and non-destructive industrial inspection uses in recent years. We believe that polycrystalline CdZnTe film formed by the closed spaced sublimation (CSS) method is a promising conversion material for next-generation high efficiency X-ray flat-panel detectors, and have previously reported the results of feasibility studies. In this paper, we present an overview of X-ray flat-panel detectors and the features of CdZnTe film, then we describe the CSS method of deposition and evaluation of the physical characteristics of CdZnTe film, and finally we present the results of our fabrication and testing of proto-type detectors utilizing CdZnTe film. (author)

[en] Full text: It is well known that the Newcomb equation, the inertia free linear ideal magnetohydrodynamic equation, plays fundamental roles in the MHD stability theory. We have developed a solution method of the Newcomb equation in a tokamak and proposed an associated eigenvalue problem defined such that it does not have continuous spectra. In the present work, we extend the theory of the Newcomb equation for the analysis of low n or high n external modes (n: toroidal mode number). Since resistive wall modes are described by the quadratic form that contains the changes of the potential energy, induced by plasma displacement, in the plasma and the vacuum regions, it is essential to compute the changes of the plasma potential energy in a matrix form on the surface values of the modes. The matrix A in the form is called the stability matrix. Since the plasma motion is assumed to be much slower than the ideal MHD Alfven motion, the plasma kinetic energy can be neglected and the motion is described by the Newcomb equation. We can construct the matrix A by using the basis functions of external modes that are also the solutions of the Newcomb equation. The matrix A represents the response of the plasma to external modes even if the ideal kink modes are stable. Benchmark tests between the present formulation and the ERATO code have been performed for n = 1 ideal kink modes and confirmed that agreement between the codes is excellent. The formulation also has an advantage that it can clarify the effects of stable internal modes on the stability of external modes since the eigenvalue problem associated with the Newcomb equation identifies stable internal ideal MHD perturbations as eigen-states. For examples, it is found that internal modes close to the marginal stability change the structure of an external mode from a surface mode structure to a global mode structure. The method of the Newcomb equation also enables us to analyze other important external modes, the peeling (high-n kink) modes, which will be reported. (author)

[en] The effects of various doses of cyclophosphamide and low-dose (15 rads) radiation upon the size of tumors caused by 10(4) Sarcoma I (SaI) cells was determined. In intact A/Jax (A/J) recipients, the effect of the two agents singly and in combination was found to be dependent especially upon the dosage of cyclophosphamide and the time of its administration in relation to tumor inoculation. In cell transfer experiments to adult thymectomized, lethally irradiated, bone-marrow-restored (ATxXBM) mice, the effects of cyclophosphamide and irradiation appeared to be either overlapping (low dosages of cyclophosphamide) or additive (dosages of cyclophosphamide greater than or equal to 50 mg/kg), suggesting that the two agents exert their influence in dissimilar fashion, perhaps by injuring different cell types with the same basic function. The most pronounced conjoint effects are seen when low dosages of cyclophosphamide are given 3 days after the adoptive transfer of spleen cells from mice pretreated with low-dose irradiation. The implications of this observation with respect to immunotherapy are discussed