[en] Changes in isoenzyme spectra of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and butyrol dehydrogenase (BDH) in white mice after gamma and neutron irradiation with different doses are studied. After irradiation with 1.75.10^-2 Gy a high intensity in M- and HM-fractions is observed, which is connected with an additional kidney hyper function and hypoxia. After 3.5.10^-2 Gy irradiation the activity and quantity of M-fractions is increased at the expense of H-fractions, which is due to additional burden of liver with intoxications of harmful metabolites. With a dose of 68.32.10^-2 Gy a total increase of activity and quantity of all fractions in the organs investigated is noted, as well as strongly expressed changes in BDH polymorphism. It is concluded that the changes in isoenzyme spectra are connected with a drive to counteraction against the radiation effect and are expressed in an increased enzyme activity. There exists a threshold dose, below which no changes on molecular level can be observed by electrophoretic methods. 7 figs

[en] The treated bone defects were compared clinically and radiologically. After a 3-month period of survey, the best results were obtained in the group treated with partially demineralized bone matrix, enzymatically processed and lyophilized dura mater and mucoperiosteal flap. The placement of titanium screw dental implants did not impair the guided bone regeneration, that was confirmed by their good osteointegration

[en] The authors examined 112 women with changes in the uterine cervix using colposcopic, cytologic and isotopic methods. Comparing the obtained data of each method on the one side, and taking histological results as a basis for comparison of the exactness, on the other hand, they come to the following conclusions: (1) Carcinoma in development is diagnosed by means of colposcopy more surely in comparison with the remaining methods. (2) For establishing the earliest form of cancerous disease of the uterine cervix the cytological method gives positive data than the remaining two methods. (3) The isotopic method, based on the level of phosphorus 32 accumulation, gives less exact information in comparison with the colposcopic and cytologic methods. (4) The complex application of the three methods gives a possibility for correction of the mistakes of each method, used singly. (author)

[en] According to the modified legislation in 1998 the detailed limitations concern three categories power generation enterprises by site and type using solid organic fuels mainly: electric energy generation based in 99 % and heat generation - in 75 % on coal. For the first category consists of about 100 utility electric power enterprises combined heat and power and heating stations of about 10000 MW total capacity the modernization programme was realized to reduce the basic pollutant emissions like nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide during the period 1989-1997. Tendency of burning low-sulfur and low-ash coals with much calorific value is shown in a table. The average calorific value of the hard coals burned increased from 18280 kJ/kg in 1989 to 21423 in 1997 and sulfur content decreased from 1.148 % to 0.851 % due also to building of desulfurization installations. Decreasing of the nitrogen oxides emission took part in the last years. The new limitations on emission and concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere related to standard oxygen contents in the flue gases. Table data for comparison of the permissible emissions for high capacity plants (500 MW and above) on solid fuels in Austria, France, Netherlands, Germany,Poland, Turkey, USA, UK and Italy. Table data for Polish pollutant concentration standards, compared to the values in the E U and USA, in μg/m³. Table data about the charges for air pollutant emissions in Poland in 1999. Despite of significant improvement of new legislation treating harmful substances emissions to the atmosphere, there are still some practical shortcomings: decisions without technological considerations; changes without a transition period; the emissions from engines and gas turbines are out of the regulating decree or there is no uniform regulations and lack of uniform method for emission measurement at power installations. The programme for regulation of the Polish environment protection is estimated to about 35 billion Euro which includes 14 billion Euro for air protection

[en] A new method is proposed for quantitative element analysis of samples, containing light elements by measuring the rate of the attenuation of low energy gamma quanta (e.g. K- or L- lines of some radioactive sources) at different values of their energy. The relative concentration of the elements is determined using the non-linear dependence of the mass attenuation coefficients on the energy. Experiments have been done using ²⁴¹Am as a source and a Si(Li) detector. Mass attenuation coefficients for some light elements (Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen etc.) have been determined by a set of linear algebraic equations, obtained from chemical compounds with known quantities at fixed lines of the ²⁴¹Am spectrum. A quantitative element analysis of a group of organic compounds with known element composition has been completed. The comparison with the calculations according to the chemical formula shows that this method can be applied as a fast non-destructive analysis of liquid and powdered samples, containing light elements. All measurements are for samples with known elements. However it is possible to iteratively search for new elements

[en] Analysis of the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of ZrO₂ doped with Eu and Li has been conducted. Different quantities of lithium co-dopant have been added as Li₂CO₃ to a mixture of ZrO₂ with 1wt% Er. Pellets sintered at a temperature of 1200⁰C have been prepared and the kinetic parameters of the phosphors have been studied after irradiation with UV light. It has been shown that the addition of 8 to 10 wt% of Li to the mixture of ZrO₂ with 1wt% Er yields a maximum intensity of the peaks at 65⁰C and at 105⁰C. Spectral emission and spectral sensitivity of the phosphors have been studied. The analysis applied to TL glow curves, obtained from the UV irradiated phosphors and kept after the irradiation at different times in a dark storage, revealed that the peaks at 65⁰C and 105⁰C have relatively long fading. It is concluded that the phosphors thus obtained possess a good sensitivity to the UV emission and could be appropriate phosphors for detection and quantitative measurements of UV light.

[en] The article submits new experimental data concerning to the role of combined thermo-mechanical treatments on the structural development of freshly moulded uncrystallized but crystallizable poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. The object of the present work is PET as a thermoplastic polymer with a large practical application. The report is devoted to the influence of the heat-mechanical modification temperature on the structure rearrangement in uniaxially orientated amorphous PET. The heat-mechanical modification of the investigated yarns and the optical measurements were realized by specialized gears constructed and built in the author's laboratories. The fibers heat-mechanical modification includes samples annealing at constant temperature above their glass transition temperature (T_g) without strain stress. The yarn annealing has been followed from well defined uniaxially strain-loading with values from 0 MPa up to 30 MPa during two minutes. The optical measurements were carried out by an optical system using a polarization microscope and a CCD camera. The obtained experimental data has been analyzed by Mocha-1.2 (Jandel Scientific) software. There are established dependences between the heat-mechanical modification mode and the structural rearrangements running in the studied PET samples.

[en] A system for monitoring the radioactivity of the atmospheric aerosols has been realized at the Basic Environmental Observatory (BEO) 'Moussala' of the INRNE - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. It is situated in the vicinity of Moussala Peak (2925 m asl) in the Rila Mountain, Bulgaria. The system includes a big volume air-sampler with a capacity of 1500 m³/h and low-background gamma ray spectrometer with HPGe detector. The activity of ⁷Be collected in the filter has been determined taking into account the amount of air (∼15000m³) passed through it. The meteorological parameters have been controlled during the sampling as well. It has been shown that the changes in the specific activity of ⁷Be reveal periodic character with the same period as the atmospheric pressure and temperature. Some fluctuations of the data for ⁷Be have been observed and discussed. (authors)

[en] The natural reserve Forest of Mesola is situated near the delta of the river Po, between Po di Goro and Po di Volano at the south-east part of province of Ferrara, Italy. It is characterized by unique territorial and ecological features. A great part of the forest is completely protected and is left to its natural evolution. Subject of interest have been the specific activities measured for samples taken from the soils, from the wetland waters of the reserve as well as from the sea water. Analysis of the specific activity of samples for selected plant species has been conducted as well. A low-background gamma-ray spectroscopic system of the National Laboratories of Legnaro has been utilized to analyze the natural radioactivity of collected samples. The values for the specific activity of the plant samples have been compared with the ones of the same plant species taken upstream the river Po

[en] A system for small-object imaging, comprising a multiple-wavelength scanner for Near Infra-Red (NIR) light is under development in the Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging (LRMI) at the National Laboratories of Legnaro, INFN, Italy. The System performs scanning of biological objects using NIR light in the interval of 900nm − 1700nm. The scanned region is a rectangular with dimensions of 50mm × 80mm and is performed by consecutive positioning of InGaAs linear image sensor sliding close to the scanned object. The scanning is carried out in two different modes. The first mode is performed in transmitted linearly polarized NIR light using a set of five light emitting diodes with fixed wavelengths. The process of scanning is realized by a consecutive positioning of the NIR sensor and signal acquisition at the corresponding position. In the second scanning mode the fluorescence emission of nanoparticles such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), administered in the imaged object, is excited by NIR lasers with different wavelengths. Spatial resolution of the system for transmitted linearly polarized NIR at five fixed wavelengths has been determined. Polarimetric measurements of some optically active sugars such as fructose and lactose were conducted at some fixed wavelengths in the range of 900–1200nm. The system sensitivity with respect to the concentrations of these agents has been estimated.