[en] The investigations relating to the dynamics of charged particles in a magnetic field carried out over more than 40 years have been reviewed with special reference to the problem of nonadiabaticity due to field inhomogeneity, and time dependence. A detailed overview is presented of the standard approaches to one of the main problems namely the determination of the residence times of charged particles in an adiabatic magnetic trap which involves nonadiabaticity in a crucial way. In a major departure from the standard approach, a new paradigm described here as 'macroquantum dynamics' was advanced by the author to address the problem of residence times. The evolution and development of this new paradigm is next presented as the main focus of the review. This consists of a probability amplitude Schroedinger-like formalism for the classical macrodomain, which has been shown to be a description of the system in the correspondence limit of large Landau quantum numbers. It is demonstrated that this represents a remarkable persistence of matter wave behaviour well into the classical macrodomain, leading to unexpected experimental consequences. Experimental results confirming some of the spectacular predictions of this formalism are presented. These refer to the existence of macroscopic matter wave interference phenomena and the observation of the curl-free vector potential a la Aharonov-Bohm in the macrodomain. The problem of the nonadiabatic leakage of particles from an adiabatic trap takes the appearance here of the quantum-like tunneling of the adiabatic potential. The multiplicity of residence times predicted by the set of Schroedinger-like equations have been well confirmed by experiments. A critical comparison is finally presented of the classical vs. macroquantum description of the system in the macrodomain. The new paradigm thus represents an entirely new and unexpected manifestation of quantum dynamics in the classical macrodomain

[en] A theory of the interaction of a neutral gas with a moving magnetized plasma with particular reference to the direct interaction experiment of Danielsson is presented. It is shown that the velocity given by the equation (1): 1/2 Mn Vsub(c)sup(2) = ephisub(ion) is essentially the relative terminal velocity attained after the interaction is over. On the other hand, the threshold relative velocity required for an active interaction between the plasma and the neutral gas to occur is shown to be given approximately by the equation (2): 1/2 Msub(i)V² = ephisub(ion). For the gases used in the Danielsson experiment (H-plasma and neutral He) Vsub(c)sup((2)) = 2Vsub(c)sup((1)), where Vsub(c)sup((2)) is the value determined from Eq.(2), there is an indication to this effect in the results of the Danielsson experiment. The important observations recorded in the experiments of Danielsson (1970) and of Danielsson and Brenning (1975) are reviewed. Most of these observations are explained on the basis of the present model. (A.K.)

[en] Puri (1999) in a private communication has pointed out a simple but serious oversight in the final result of the above paper (Varma 1998). A factor of ε has through an oversight been left out in going from equation (48) to equation (49) of the above paper (referred to as I hereafter), so that the correct result should read < V_r>=-8/9ε^1/2(1-ε^1/2)^-1V_Ware rather than that given by equation (49) of I. Equation (1) thus gives a value of < Vr> smaller by a factor of ε, which is rather small for small values of ε. However, for larger values of ε, such as ε=0.26 for ASDEX and ε=0.42 for JET, the value of < Vr> turns out to be 1.04V_Ware and 1.84V_Ware', but not as anomalously large as ∼4V_Ware. The question arises as to whether the expression for φ(r,θ) obtained in equation (46) of I which is used in equation (48) is valid for larger values of ε such as ε approx. 0.42. The derivation needs to be re-examined in the light of the above. First of all, it turns out that the result in equation (8) is exact, since without expanding in powers of ε,δV/δθ=0, gives: 0=_δθ/^δV=(ε sin θ)μB₀(1+εcosθ)^-1 - q_B0/^rB₀^E₀(1+ε cos θ)^-2 which yields as an exact result sin θ=_μB0/^qR₀^E₀. This happens to be the same as given by equation (8) of I. All subsequent results up to equation (14) of I are exact. A complete re-examination will be reported later. This note is simply meant to report the correction pointed out above. The author is grateful to Dr S Puri for pointing out the above error. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Radioimmunoassay techniques have been used to determine the concentration in body fluids of various endogenous and exogenous steroids. In the development of radioimmunoassays for the various steroids, the preparation of an antigen labelled with iodine-125 is of primary concern. The chemical structure of steroids is such that it is generally not possible to radioiodinate them directly. It is necessary to utilize as a precursor of the radiolabeled antigen a derivative of the steroid to be assayed which can be readily iodinatd. The process by which steroids are chosen and structurally modified is given

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] A deterministic basis for quantum mechanics has been proposed and equations of motion (derivable from an action principle) which describe deterministic trajectories in an extended space that the quantum events are assumed to follow are given. By applying the laws of classical probability, namely, the conservation of probability along the deterministic trajectories, a probability description is derived. It is found to be a generalization of the Schroedinger description with built-in probability interpretation. The generalized description admits of an infinite number of wave functions following coupled set of Schroedinger-like equations while the total probability is given by the sum of the modulus square of all these wave functions, one of which is identified as the Schroedinger function. If all the functions other than the Schroedinger wave function be neglected the Schroedinger description is retrieved. It is thus concluded that the classical probability not only embraces probability in quantum mechanics but allows other new modes for its propagation. Thus new modes of quantum behaviour are predicted and two experiments are proposed where these modes could be looked for. This theory also provides an identification for the quantum of action. (author)

[en] A few aspects pertaining to the nonlinear phenomena and turbulence in terms of some simple models; some characteristic features of non-linear phenomena, and the nature of transition of a coherent or a laminar state to what is characterized as a ''turbulent'' state are discussed. (M.G.B.)

[en] It is pointed out that the behaviour of certain appropriate ensembles of a class of Hamiltonian systems can be described in terms of a set of probability amplitudes obeying Scroedinger-like equations. Such a description leads to a new concept of ''ensemble modes'' described by the different equations. Such ''ensemble modes'' have in fact been observed experimentally recently in a certain classical mechanical system and thus testify to the validity of the probability amplitude description for the classical deterministic system. The possibility of existence of new modes of quantum behaviour corresponding to the new ensemble modes other than the Schroedinger mode is also pointed out. (author)