[en] The characteristics of phase constitution near the interface of Fe₃Al/Q235 diffusion bonding are researched by means of scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope, etc. The test results indicated that an obvious diffusion transition zone forms near the Fe₃Al/Q235 interface as a result of vacuum diffusion bonding (heating temperature 1050-1080 deg. C, holding time 60 min and pressure 9.8 MPa). The maximum value of the Al content in the transition zone was 16.6 wt.% (about 28.5 at.%). The micro-hardness in the diffusion transition zone was HM 200-400. The transition zone consists of Fe₃Al and α-Fe(Al) solid solution. There was no brittle phase of high hardness near the diffusion interface. This is favorable to the enhancing of the toughness of Fe₃Al/Q235 diffusion joint

[en] The microstructure performance for vacuum brazing interface of Al/18-8 stainless steel was studied by means of SEM, micro-hardness test and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The test results indicate that the adhesion brazing interface is excellent, there is no porosity or crack near the interface. The microstructure of the brazing joint is mainly composed of equiaxial and column crystal. The fracture morphology of the brazing joint consists mainly of a coarse and gray fiber-shape fracture, and the fracture is mainly the mixed fracture of toughness and cleavage. The brazing interface consists of δ (Al, Fe, Si) and α-Al (Si), without obvious brittleness phase of the high hardness

[en] Na ²¹¹At and ²¹¹At-Te colloid injections are prepared. It has been demonstrated that the ²¹¹At-Te colloid is stable in vivo and in vitro, and can be applied in the study of biology and medicine. In the report, the model of Murine Ehrlich Ascites Cells cultured in vivo and in vitro is elected for a series of experiments. It has been proved that Na ²¹¹At and ²¹¹At-Te colloid injections possess an inhibition effect on tumor cells. The inhibition effect was expressed in surviving of the mice and inhibiting growth of tumor as well as the changes of enzyme activity. Meanwhile, it was also noticed that Na ²¹¹At and ²¹¹At-Te colloid injections of various dose inhibited the absorb of pyrimidine nucleosides in Murine Ehrlich Ascites Cells. And the effect is not reversible. It is closely related to the dose administrated and 50% inhibition rate needs about 1.48 x 10⁵ Bq/ml culture

[en] Highlights: • In-situ synthesized Ni–Zr intermetallics/ceramic reinforced composite coatings. • Si enrichment and Ni replacing site of Si both resulted in forming Zr_5(Si_xNi_1_−_x)_4_. • Microstructure and forming of ZrB_2 depended on affinity of elements and Si/B ratio. - Abstract: Ni–Zr intermetallic/ceramic reinforced composite coatings were in-situ synthesized by laser cladding series of Ni–Cr–B–Si powders on zirconium substrate. Microstructure, phase constituents and microhardness of coatings were investigated by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microsclemeter. Results indicated that coatings with metallurgical bonding to substrate consisted of cellular NiZr matrix and massive reinforcements including NiZr_2, Zr_5(Si_xNi_1_−_x)_4 and ZrB_2. Morphologies of reinforcements were mainly dominated by temperature gradient and cooling rate from surface to bottom of the coating produced by same powder. In different coatings, microstructure and forming of ZrB_2 mainly depended on affinity of elements and Si/B ratio in different powders. In addition, the mean microhardness of coatings up to 1200–1300 HV_0_._2 is nearly 7 times higher than that of R60702 zirconium substrate

[en] In this work, we successfully developed a novel wet chemical method to prepare LiNi_0_._5Mn_1_._5O_4 coated LiMn_2O_4 (LMO@LNMO), in which commercial LiMn_2O_4 produced by solid state reaction method was used as the starting material and a nitrate precursor containing Li, Ni and Mn was used to form LiNi_0_._5Mn_1_._5O_4 coating layer. There is no precipitant, chelating agent and washing process needed. The effect of the calcination temperature and the mass ratio of LiMn_2O_4 and LiNi_0_._5Mn_1_._5O_4 (m_L_M_O:m_L_N_M_O) were systematically studied. LMO@LNMO was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which showed that a completed coating layer was formed via the wet chemical method and some Ni"2"+ in LiNi_0_._5Mn_1_._5O_4 were diffused to LiMn_2O_4 to form a Ni concentration-gradient structure after calcination. Typically, LMO@LNMO with the calcination temperature of 800 °C and the mass ratio of 9:1 (m_L_M_O:m_L_N_M_O) showed an initial discharge specific capacity of ∼100 mAh·g"−"1 between 3.0 and 4.3 V vs. Li"+/Li at 55 °C, and greatly improved cyclic performance with a capacity retention of 81.9% over 400 cycles. The thermal safety of LMO@LNMO was also enhanced according to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results

[en] Radionuclide monitoring is an important verification means of international monitoring system. Based on current IDC data processing software, this paper analyzed the IMS format, which is destined for the radionuclide data exchange. Through the processing of IMS format data, the process of calibration updating is found as the key process for a successful data processing. (authors)

[en] The running process is usually accompanied with a large number of data about operation states in the large scale real time data processing system, and the data should be managed through out some performance report by operation engineers. A solution for performance report automatic generation is presented. It is to build a performance report automatic generation system by extracting the massages of the database and UNIX file system and deploying it to an application system. The system has been applied at the CTBT NDC. (authors)

[en] In order to test the validity of the MCNP code used in the transmission ratio of γ-ray, the transmission ratios of different energy γ-rays penetrating the Pb and Fe with different thickness were simulated in this paper. It was shown that the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical calculations in the range of error, and the Monte Carlo method is effective in simulating the transmission ratio of γ-ray. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • Zn(II) adsorption on two types of neutral kaolinite(001) surfaces is investigated. • Surface “Ou” is found the preferred site for mono- and bi-dentate complexes. • Both Zn(II) and surface oxygen accept electrons from aqua oxygens. • Coupling of O 2p with Zn sp"3d"2 (or sp"3) hybridization states is the bonding nature. - Abstract: Adsorption of Zn(II) on two types of neutral (001) surfaces of kaolinite, tetrahedral Si(t) and octahedral Al(o), was studied by means of DFT calculations and classical molecular dynamics simulations. The position and structure for both outer-sphere and mono-/bi-dentate inner-sphere complexes of Zn(II) in aqueous environment were examined, with binding energy and radial distribution function calculated. Outer-sphere complex on the Si(t) surface, monodentate inner-sphere complex of “O_u” (surface oxygen with “upright” hydrogen) site and bidentate complex of “O_u-O_u” site of neighboring Al centers on the Al(o) surface are considered to be the dominant adsorption species. The outer-sphere complex is found six-coordinated with distorted octahedral geometry, while both the inner-sphere complexes exhibit the tetrahedral structure with coordination number of four. Hydrogen bonding interactions between oxygen or hydrogen of the kaolinite(001) surfaces and the aqua ligands of Zn(II) act as the key role for the structure and stability of adsorption complexes. Upon the Mulliken population analysis and partial density of states, both Zn(II) and surface oxygen accept electrons from aqua oxygens, and coupling of O 2p with the sp"3d"2 or sp"3 hybridization states of Zn(II) is the primary bonding nature of Zn(II) with oxygen in outer- and inner-sphere complexes, respectively.

[en] Highlights: • Several issues about Cu(II) adsorption on the kaolinite (0 0 1) surface were solved. • Complexation of water molecules with Cu(II) was considered for adsorption complex. • Charge transfer and bonding mechanism of Cu–O_s (surface oxygen) were explored. - Abstract: The adsorption behavior of Cu(II) on the basal hydroxylated kaolinite(001) surface in aqueous environment was investigated by first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Structures of possible monodentate and bidentate inner-sphere adsorption complexes of Cu(II) were examined, and the charge transfer and bonding mechanism were analyzed. Combining the binding energy of complex, the radial distribution function of Cu(II) with oxygen and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure data, monodentate complex on site of surface oxygen with “upright” hydrogen and bidentate complex on site of two oxygens (one with “upright” hydrogen and one with “lying” hydrogen) of single Al center have been found to be the major adsorption species of Cu(II). Both adsorption species are four-coordinated with a square planar geometry. The distribution of surface hydroxyls with “lying” hydrogen around Cu(II) plays a key role in the structure and stability of adsorption complex. Upon the Mulliken population analysis and partial density of states, charge transfer occurs with Cu(II) accepting some electrons from both surface oxygens and aqua oxygens, and the bonding Cu 3d-O 2p state filling is primarily responsible for the strong covalent interaction of Cu(II) with surface oxygen.