[en] The transitional near-infrared (NIR) laser was defined as ranging from 1.3 μm to 1.4 μm, within which the most sensitive tissue to laser damage changed from the retina to the comea. The ocular damage effect has attracted much attention due to the increased varieties and output power of laser in this spectrum region in recent years. Compared with visible and mid-and-far infrared wavelengths, the ocular damage effect induced by transitional NIR wavelengths has many peculiarities and impact factors due to the 'bulk absorption' by ocular media. This paper reviews the existing ocular damage threshold data and analyzes the characteristics, impact factors and unresolved issues relating to ocular effects induced by laser radiation over the transition zone. (authors)

[en] A novel equiatomic CoCrNiTiV high entropy alloy was fabricated by a vacuum arc-melting, and investigated from the view of phase component, microstructure, mechanical properties. The results experimentally displayed that a typical single phase BCC solid solution was acquired in the as-cast CoCrNiTiV alloy, while another BCC phase together with an FCC phase and a (Ni, Co)₃Ti phase emerged through annealing. In mechanics performance, the ultimate strength significantly increases from 1729 ± 15 MPa of the as-cast alloy to 2820 ± 15 MPa of the annealed alloy, while a relatively high hardness of 825.8 ± 16.3 HV and 680 ± 23.9 HV was obtained. It was suggested that the majority BCC phase and other precipitation both take the responsibility for the good synergy in strength and hardness. (author)

[en] The entry tube locates at the coolant inlet of the fast reactor fuel assembly, which directly determines the flow rate of the sodium coolant entering the interior of the fuel assembly to cool the fuel-rod bundles. It has important influence on the pressure drop and flow-velocity distribution of the fuel assembly. At present, the research on fast reactor fuel assembly is mostly focused on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the fuel-rod bundles, while there is lack of the research about the entry tube, especially there is no uniform design standard. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the flow characteristics about the entry tube of fast reactor fuel assembly to provide a reference for structure design. In this study, the distribution of resistance coefficient and the relationship between flow rate and pressure drop of entry tube with different diameter are studied by hydraulic experiment. The results show that the diameter of the entry-tube hole has the significant impact on the flow characteristics of sodium coolant, so the inlet flow rate of the fuel assembly in different core-region can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the entry-tube hole to achieve the balance of pressure drop of fuel assembly. In addition, a dimensionless contraction coefficient of the entry tube is introduced and the empirical correlations of the resistance coefficient are formulated which are used to estimate the pressure drop of the in fast reactor fuel assembly. Finally, based on the design requirements of pressure drop and flow-velocity limitation, a recommended program is presented of diameter selection about the entry-tube hole, which can be used as a reference for relevant experiments or engineering. (authors)

[en] The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the labyrinth-seal structure of right angle trapezoid with different spacing in this paper. Then, the comparative research was conducted including the effects of spacing on sealing performance, flow field distribution, pressure field distribution and control of flow velocity, and the effect of eccentricity on sealing performance was analyzed at the optimal spacing. The results show that increasing the spacing of the labyrinth-seal structure can effectively reduce the leakage flow, improve the sealing performance, achieve better control of flow velocity and can also significantly improve the flow performance near the wall surface and enhance the cooling of the outer wall surface of fuel assembly. As the spacing exceeds 3.02 mm, the improvement of sealing performance is very limited, indicating it is impossible to continue to improve the sealing performance of the labyrinth-seal structure by increasing the spacing when the spacing exceeds a certain limit. It is necessary to select the reasonable spacing in structural design and engineering application. The eccentricity leads to the imbalance of flow velocity and pressure distribution in the flow region, and as the eccentricity increases, the unevenness tends to expand, which not only adversely affects the sealing performance, but also exacerbates the vibration of the fuel assembly. (authors)

[en] In order to shorten the process-cycle of the fuel assembly, it is necessary to search a new method to simplify the structure of fuel assemblies which are used for the fast reactor core flow distribution test. The CTS theoretical algorithm was adopted to calculate the influence of structural parameter for fuel assembly on the hydraulic characteristics of assembly. The method using a alternative assembly which has less fuel rod to complete the experiment was proposed. The method keeps the same external structure and test environment of the assembly, and decreases the amount of fuel rod to obtain the same hydraulic characteristics of the multi-rod fuel assemblies. The calculation results show that the alternative assembly conforms to the hydraulic curve of the original assembly, and the method can meet requirements. (authors)

[en] With the advancement of smart grids, energy storage power stations play more and more significant role in the power system, especially in the utilization of users. Environmental issues and energy crisis have also promoted the development and application of energy storage power stations. In this paper, a research is performed on the technical and economic characteristics of energy storage power stations. A feasibility evaluation method for lithium battery energy storage power stations is proposed. Considering the time dimension, this method proposed a total value evaluation model which is based on the cost-benefit structure. And then, an actual lithium battery energy storage power station is selected as a case to verify the model. Finally, through the sensitivity analysis of the investment and operation of the energy storage power station, the conclusions are as follows: the most sensitive is the benefits of peak and valley electricity price difference. (paper)

[en] Highlights: • A novel shell-and-tube heat exchanger with fold helical baffles was proposed. • Effects of helical angle and overlapped degree on performance were studied. • An effective algorithm combining RSM and MOGA was adopted. • Empirical correlations of the Nusselt number and friction coefficient were fitted. - Abstract: A kind of shell-and-tube heat exchangers with fold baffles was proposed to eliminate the triangular leakage zones between adjacent baffles. An effective algorithm combing second-order polynomial response surface method and multi-objective genetic algorithm was adopted to study the effect of fold baffle configuration parameters on the performance of flow and heat transfer. The helical angle, overlapped degree and shell-side inlet velocity were chosen as design parameters, and the Nusselt number and shell-side pressure drop were considered as objective functions. The results show that both the Nusselt number and shell-side pressure drop increase with the decrease of helical angle and shell-side inlet velocity, and increase with the increasing overlapped degree. A set of Pareto-optimal points were obtained, and the optimization results illustrate a good agreement with CFD simulation data with the relative deviation less than ±3%. And the empirical correlations of Nusselt number and friction coefficient were obtained based on response surface method, the helical angle and overlapped degree were fitted into empirical correlations as correction factors for the first time. It is found that the adjusted coefficient of determination of the Nusselt number and friction coefficient is 0.943 and 0.999, respectively, which illustrate the fitting is correct and reliable.

[en] Sulfonic acid-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COF-SO₃) as a coating of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) for capturing three fluoroquinolones from milk have been developed. The COF-SO₃ material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Milk without any typical treatments like protein precipitation and defatting was only diluted five times with water for test. Combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a SBSE-HPLC method was established for detecting fluoroquinolones in milk samples. The corresponding wide linear ranges (4.00–500.0 µg L⁻¹), low detection limits (1.20–2.62 µg L⁻¹), good test repeatability (RSD < 5.2%), and acceptable enrichment factors (56.2–61.5) were implemented for three fluoroquinolones. The analytical method was applied to determine trace targets and provided satisfactory results. Furthermore, the research displayed satisfied reproducibility for bar-to-bar (RSD < 6.5%) and batch-to-batch (RSD < 8.6%) tests. Graphical abstract

[en] Chemotherapy resistance remains a major obstacle for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, plays a critical role in chemotherapy resistance in some cancers. However, whether the suppression of the chaperone can enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapy in SCLC is still unclear. The SCLC NCI-H446 cells were divided into three groups: BAPTA-AM→A23187-treated group, A23187-treated group and control-group. Immunofluorescence, western blot and RT-PCR were used to assess the expression of GRP78 at both protein and mRNA levels. Cell apoptosis and the cell cycle distributions of the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry in order to evaluate the therapeutic sensitivity to VP-16. The expression of GRP78 at both protein and mRNA levels in the BAPTA-AM→A23187-treated cells dramatically decreased as compared to that in both A23187-treated and control groups. After treatment by VP-16, the percentage of apoptotic cells in BAPTA-AM→A23187-treated cells were: 33.4 ± 1.01%, 48.2 ± 1.77%, 53.0 ± 1.43%, 56.5 ± 2.13%, respectively, corresponding to the concentrations of BAPTA-AM 10, 15, 25, 40 μM, which was statistically significant high in comparison with the A23187-treated group and untreated-group (7.18 ± 1.03% and 27.8 ± 1.45%, respectively, p < 0.05). The results from analysis of cell cycle distribution showed that there was a significantly decreased in G₁ phase and a dramatically increased in S phase for the BAPTA-AM→A23187-treated cells as compared with the untreated cells. BAPTA-AM is a strong inhibitor of GRP78 in the NCI-H446 cell line, the down-regulation of GRP78 can significantly increase the sensitivity to VP-16. The suppression of GRP78 may offer a new surrogated therapeutic approach to the clinical management of lung cancer

[en] Highlights: • Particulate photoelectrodes are studied by surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). • Different back electrode materials are applied by means of particle transfer (PT). • The photocatalysts-back metal interface affects charge separation processes. • Surface modification with cocatalysts enhances charge separation. • SPS coupled with PT advances understanding of particulate photoelectrodes. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) was applied to the analysis of particulate La₅Ti₂CuS₅O₇ and SrNbO₂N photoelectrodes fabricated by a particle transfer method, as a means of assessing charge separation under illumination. The critical roles of the back contact metals and cocatalyst in generating charge separation and defining various photoelectrochemical properties were confirmed. The results suggests that SPS in conjunction with particle transfer technology potentially allows the identification of the most beneficial photoelectrode components for photoelectrochemical water splitting.