[en] The design parameter, electromagnetic and water-cooling analysis and fabrication process of EAST active feedback control coils are presented. As the diagonal leaders suffer huge vertical force variation, conventional organic insulating material cannot meet the requirements. Magnesium oxide was used as insulating material and supports were added to both ends of the diagonal leaders. Water-cooling calculations show that the temperature of the copper conductor and water is linearly related to the distance from the point to the water inlet. In order to assure the temperature of outlet water not be heated to boil, the relation of the minimum velocity of water and operation ratio is about v ≈ 6 K when the current in the coil is 20 kA. (authors)

[en] The magnetic field and electromagnetic force of the central solenoidal coil in China fusion engineering testing reactor (CFETR) are calculated based on Biot Safar's law. The Von-Mises stress is analyzed by the finite element tool ANSYS and the simulation result is evaluated based on analytical design, then a further research about the stress distribution at the large stress intensity area is performed. The above work will provide reference for the future fabrication. (authors)

[en] In the conceptual design stage of the Chinese fusion engineering testing reactor (CFETR), in order to design and manufacture the central solenoid coil, a model coil consisting of Nb₃Sn inside coil and NbTi outside coil was conceptually designed. Internal magnetic field of wires with line current model was solved with data processing to achieve the precise calculation. On this basis, the electromagnetic parameters were calculated, such as the inductance of the coil and the electromagnetic force. (authors)

[en] The upper vertical stability (VS) feeder is a part connected to the upper VS coil by a welding joint. The function of the feeder is to transfer current and coolant water to the VS coil. A giant electromagnetic force will be generated during normal operation by the current flowing in the VS coils, interacting with the external background field. The Lorentz force will induce Tresca stress in the feeder. The amplitudes of the magnetic field and Lorentz force along the conductor running direction have been calculated based on Maxwell's equations. To extract the Tresca stress in the feeder, a finite element model was created using the software ANSYS and an electromagnetic load was applied on the model. According to the analytical design, the stresses were classified and evaluated based on ASME. In order to reduce the Tresca stress, some optimization works have been done and the Tresca stress has had a significant reduction in the optimized model. This analytical work figured out the stress distribution in the feeder and checked the feasibility of the prototype design model. The ANSYS analysis results will provide a guidance for later improvement and fabrication. (fusion engineering)

[en] The ITER equatorial thermal shield is located inside the cryostat and outside the vacuum vessel, and its purpose is to provide a thermal shield from hot components to the superconducting magnets. Electromagnetic analysis of the equatorial thermal shield was performed using the ANSYS code, because electromagnetic load was one of the main loads. The 40° sector finite element model was established including the vacuum vessel, equatorial thermal shield, and superconducting magnets. The main purpose of this analysis was to investigate the eddy current and electromagnetic force in the equatorial thermal shield during plasma disruption. Stress analysis was implemented under the electromagnetic load. The results show that the equatorial thermal shield can accommodate the calculated electromagnetic loads. (fusion engineering)

[en] Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid, ASA) is a common drug used for its analgesic and antipyretic effects. Recent studies show that ASA not only blocks cyclooxygenase, but also inhibits NADPH oxidase and resultant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, a pathway that underlies pathogenesis of several ailments, including hypertension and tissue remodeling after injury. In these disease states, angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NADPH oxidase via its type 1 receptor (AT1R) and leads to fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis. In this study, we examined if ASA would inhibit NADPH oxidase activation, upregulation of AT1R transcription, and subsequent collagen generation in mouse cardiac fibroblasts challenged with Ang II. Mouse heart fibroblasts were isolated and treated with Ang II with or without ASA. As expected, Ang II induced AT1R expression, and stimulated cardiac fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis. The AT1R blocker losartan attenuated these effects of Ang II. Similarly to losartan, ASA, and its SA moiety suppressed Ang II-mediated AT1R transcription and fibroblast proliferation as well as expression of collagens and MMPs. ASA also suppressed the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (p22^phox, p47^phox, p67^phox, NOX2 and NOX4) and ROS generation. ASA did not affect total NF-κB p65, but inhibited its phosphorylation and activation. These observations suggest that ASA inhibits Ang II-induced NADPH oxidase expression, NF-κB activation and AT1R transcription in cardiac fibroblasts, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen expression. The critical role of NADPH oxidase activity in stimulation of AT1R transcription became apparent in experiments where ASA also inhibited AT1R transcription in cardiac fibroblasts challenged with H₂O₂. Since SA had similar effect as ASA on AT1R expression, we suggest that ASA's effect is mediated by its SA moiety. -- Highlights: ► Aspirin in therapeutic concentrations decreases mouse cardiac fibroblast growth and collagen formation. ► Aspirin decreases the transcription of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by inhibiting NADPH oxidase–NF-κB pathway. ► The inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression may be the basis for reduction in fibroblast growth and collagen formation. ► The effects of aspirin appear to be mediated via its salicylate moiety.

[en] This article comprehensively investigates the electronic structure and optical properties of InSe/ZnSe vertical van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) under biaxial strain modulation and external electric field by using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). Notably, we find the tunability of band gap and electronic performance under biaxial strain and external electric field, as well as the transition from semiconductor to metal. Compared with the single monolayer, InSe/ZnSe vdWHs enhances the light absorption ability, the tensile strain causes the redshift of the optical absorption spectrum of the heterostructure; while the compressive strain enhances the light absorption ability of the InSe/ZnSe vdWHs e in the ultraviolet light region, the external electric field enhances the light absorption ability of InSe/ZnSe vdWHs in the visible light region. The phonon spectrum and elastic constants confirm the dynamic and mechanical stability of InSe/ZnSe vdWHs, proving that it not only exists in theory, but also has the hope of being manufactured in the laboratory. This study provides a theoretical basis for the potential applications of InSe/ZnSe vdWHs in optoelectronic devices and strain-sensitive technologies.

[en] ELM (edge localized mode) coils are key components of ITER that suppress the edge localized mode phenomenon. A giant electromagnetic force is generated during normal operations by the current flowing in the ELM coils interacting with the external background field. The Lorentz force will induce Tresca stress in the ELM coils. If the load goes beyond the allowable threshold, the coils can hardly satisfy the safety requirements. The right-hand bottom corner was chosen to perform our electromagnetic analyses. Based on the Maxwell equation, the detailed magnetic field and Lorentz force were calculated. By use of the finite element software ANSYS, the Tresca stress was extracted and evaluated based on our analytical design. The present analysis aims to verify the feasibility of the current design. It can also serve as guidance for fabrication and structural optimization

[en] The geometry, stability, and electronic properties of the ZrB_n (n = 1-12) clusters and comparison with pure B_n clusters have been theoretically investigated with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) based on the density functional theory. It was found that the ground state structures of the B_n clusters are substantially modified by the encapsulation of the Zr atom. Dopant of the Zr atom improves the stability of the host clusters, but reduces the energy gap in most cases. The exceptional case is n = 8, 12 in which the energy gap clearly increases due to the strong elevation of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The calculated second-order difference of energies manifests that the magic numbers of stability are 3, 7, 10 for the ZrB_n clusters. What is interesting is that the magnetic moment of the B atoms in ZrB₃ exhibits the antiferromagnetic alignment in contrast to the ferromagnetic alignment of other sized clusters with odd numbers. Among all of the ZrB_n clusters, ZrB₇ is the most stable species with a high symmetry (C_6v) and relatively large magnetic moment of the Zr atom

[en] BiOCl nanosheets were loaded on the surface of β-Bi₂O₃ and its photocatalytic reduction activity was investigated. The composite displays excellent photocatalytic reduction activity. The NH₃ yield rate of β-Bi₂O₃/BiOCl composite is nearly 25 times as that of pure BiOCl under Xenon lamp irradiation. The β-Bi₂O₃/BiOCl heterojunction presents superior photocatalytic reduction activity for the degradation of Cr(VI) ions, and Cr(VI) ions are totally removed in 18 min. The results of photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal that the formation of β-Bi₂O₃/BiOCl heterojunction contributes to reduce the recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes. The process of photocatalytic reduction activity over composite is explained by Z-scheme mechanism.