[en] With the changes in domestic and international economic environment, the increasingly dynamic and complex environment has become the pressures and challenges that enterprises have to face. From the perspective of healthy development of companies in long-term running, it’s urgent to build an enterprise risk warning system. This paper takes daily operational risks and crises in Chinese enterprises as the research object, synthetically using the relevant knowledge of risk management theory, early warning management theory, the strategic management theory, the analytic hierarchy process, and fuzzy mathematics to build a daily management risk early warning system for Chinese enterprises. By constructing the system, the enterprises can make dynamic tracking for different stages in business management, so as to realize the risk before crises, take some actions during and after crises.

[en] In this paper, we report a simple and controlled synthesis of novel MnOOH–graphene nanocomposites with a one-step facile hydrothermal method. It is template-free and easy to reproduce. Electrochemical properties are investigated in different media. The values of specific capacitance achieved are 112 F g"−"1 in 1 M Na_2SO_4 and 165 F g"−"1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, respectively. The assembly of multiple branched MnOOH and graphene flakes results in synergistic effects, forming new electron transfer channels to accelerate electron transfer and provide the pseudocapacitance to increase the overall capacitance. The novel composites have potential applications in the fields of supercapacitors, lithium battery and so on. - Graphical abstract: The MnOOH–graphene nanocomposites shows better specific capacitance with the values achieved 112 F g"−"1 in 1 M Na_2SO_4 and 165 F g"−"1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, respectively. - Highlights: • Novel MnOOH–graphene nanocomposites were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. • The assembly can form new electron transfer channels to accelerate electron transfer. • The capacitive and rate performances are enhanced in both neutral and alkaline medium

[en] Graphical Abstract: Display Omitted The capacitance of as-obtained hybrids was up to 275.2 F g"−"1 and retained 98.3% of initial capacitances after 1000 cycles -- Highlights: •Nanostructured MnO_2/nitrogen doped graphene hybrids were synthesized. •A facile and economic method at low temperature with ammonia pretreatment was used. •The capacitance was up to 275.2 F g"−"1 and retained 98.3% after 1000 cycles. -- Abstract: Nanostructured MnO_2/nitrogen doped graphene (MnO_2/N-RGO) hybrids were synthesized by a facile and economic method at low temperature with ammonia pretreatment. Characterizations show nitrogen atoms were embedded into graphene lattice during pretreatment followed by MnO_2 nanowires anchored onto graphene flakes. Compared with MnO_2/graphene (MnO_2/RGO) hybrids, the novel hybrids exhibited higher capacitance value and enhanced cyclic stability. At a current density of 2 mA cm"−"2, the capacitance of as-obtained hybrids was up to 275.2 F g"−"1 and retained 98.3% of initial capacitances after 1000 cycles. These results illustrate that ammonia pretreatment is effective for nitrogen atom doping and the hybrids are potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors

[en] In the present work, tritium permeation issue of gas injection system (GIS) in DEMO were focused. Based on the reactor core parameters of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) and referring to accumulated experience of GIS design in ITER, preliminary pipes layout of DEMO GIS was performed. Steady-state tritium gas pressure drop calculation along the pipes and pump head request to the fuel storage and delivery system were made on the basis of the GIS's structure layout. Tritium permeation under corresponding pump head was calculated at the same time. According to the calculation results, gravitational potential is the main determinant to pressure drop in pipe flow and the tritium permeation in GIS is of little amount to the whole tritium cycle in the case negative pressure. So this work offers related parameters to tritium self-sufficiency issues in DEMO, and also lays the foundation for further optimization of GIS's structure layout. (authors)

[en] ABSTRACT: Spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ has been thought as one of ideal anode materials for Li ion batteries due to its safety performance and long cycle life, while the low conductivity and Li-ion diffusion capability has limited its application. To improve the electrochemical performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, Gd-doped single-crystalline Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/TiO₂ (rutile phase) nanosheets composites in this study was prepared via a solvothermal synthesis assisted method. It is found that the as prepared doped dual phases composites showed superior electrochemical performance as anode material. At a current density of 0.2 A/g (1.14 C), the Gd-LTO/TiO₂ electrode can deliver a specific capacity of ∼180.2 mAh/g, and it can deliver a specific capacity as high as ∼111.1 mAh/g even at current density of 20 A/g (114.3 C). The introduction of Gd ion has been found to play a crucial role in improving the electrochemical performance, and its introduction modifies the morphology of as prepared sample at the same time.

[en] Based on the COMSOL multiphysics software, a three dimensional simulation, coupling magnetic field, fluent and tritium profile fields, is carried out. In this simulation, a rectangle channel lithium lead flow is adopted to study the tritium dynamic of liquid lead lithium in a strong magnetic field. It shows that a strong jet flow appears near the conducting walls which are parallel to the magnetic field, the flows in core and near Hartmann wall remain stagnant. Therefore, the conduction effect of jet flow produces a rather lower tritium concentration near the conducting wall and a higher tritium concentration near Hartmann wall and in the core due to flow stagnancy. Hence, an asymmetrical volumetric tritium distribution is resulted. (authors)

[en] The RELAP5 model was recreated according to the latest design of the CN HCCB TBS, and two design basis accidents, in-vessel loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and loss of flow accident (LOFA), were investigated. According to the results, the safety of CN HCCB TBS is guaranteed during the two accident situations, and the thermal-hydraulic transient analysis can give the information about the TBM safety relevant behavior in accidents, suggesting the necessary protection system and their responding time. (authors)

[en] Compared with CCWS-1, the detailed analysis for heat exchanger tube rupture accident of CN HCCB TBS using RELAP software is provided. The two system are simplified rationally, the relevant RELAP joint drawing is given, and the influence of different break point accidents on the CN HCCB TBS and ITER CCWS-1 are analyzed. Analysis results show that a similar shocking wave will spread from the break point towards both sides of the water pipes. And the helium released into the water will accumulate in the high points of CCWS-1, so reasonable exhaust path at the high points needs to be considered In addition, in order to limit the amount of helium accessing into CCWS-1, the isolation valves located on the waterside of heat exchanger need to be installed. The isolation valves must ensure high reliability and short response time. (authors)

[en] Se- and Te/Se-doped n-type CoSb_3 skutterudites were synthesized by high-pressure synthesis (HPS) followed by spark plasma sintering. Se and Te substitutions on the Sb sites were verified by X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental determined solubility of Se in CoSb_3, was significantly enhanced by HPS technique, and reached a large value of 3%. Se doping shows a greater impact on the Seebeck coefficient than on the electrical resistivity because of the combined effects of the carrier transport performance, grain size, and pores. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity was significantly suppressed after Se doping. The thermal conductivity of CoSb_2_._7Se_0_._3 is below 1.83 W/mK and is the lowest value for unfilled skutterudites to date. Extra doping of Te significantly increased the concentration and weighted mobility of the charge carrier, leading to an enhanced power factor. Moreover, the thermal conductivity was further reduced by Te co-doping due to the strong distortion of Sb_4-ring in the framework of skutterudite. The highest ZT value of 1.29 is achieved at 780 K for CoSb_2_._8Te_0_._1_5Se_0_._0_5 with an appropriate Te/Se co-doping, which is the best ZT value for unfilled n-type skutterudites to the best of our knowledge. HPS is therefore a good choice to synthesize elemental filled and substituted (for Sb sites) skutterudites with increasing filling and doping levels for improving TE performance. - Highlights: • Augmented Se and Te/Se doping levels were achieved via HPS technique. • Se doping reduced grain size and induced pores. • Se and Te/Se doping strongly distorted the Sb rings. • The lowest thermal conductivity among unfilled skutterudites was obtained. • ZT was significantly increased through Te/Se co-doping

[en] Highlights: • The update CN HCCB TBM cooling system has been investigated using RELAP. • The Steady state result is in good consistence with the Finite Element Method (FEM) results. • LOCA in TBM First Wall (FW) cooling pipe is investigated. • LOCA in the interspace between TBM and TBM shield is investigated. • The parametric analyses during In-box LOCA are investigated. - Abstract: The preliminary transient accident analysis has been carried out since 2005 for China Helium Cooled Ceramic Breeder Test Blanket Module (CN HCCB TBM) on ITER equatorial port #2. In this paper, the RELAP5 model is recreated according to the design of the CN HCCB 1 × 4 TBM and its cooling system, and two design basis accidents (In-Vessel Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) and In-Box LOCA) are investigated. The influences of different break sizes during these accidents are comprehensively analyzed. The analysis results can provide a reference for the following parameter optimization design of CN HCCB Test Blanket System (TBS).