[en] Starting from the recognition that hadrons are not produced smoothly at phase transition, the fluctuation of spatial patterns is investigated by finding a measure of the voids that exhibits scaling behavior. The Ising model is used to simulate a crossover in quark-hadron phase transition. A threshold in hadron density is used to define a void. The dependence of the scaling exponents on that threshold is found to provide useful information on some properties of the hadronization process. The complication in heavy-ion collision introduces the possibility of configuration mixing, which can also be studied in this approach. Numerical criteria on the scaling exponents have been found that can be used to discriminate phase-transition processes from other hadronization processes having nothing to do with critical phenomena

[en] Dislocation core properties of Al with and without H impurities are studied using the Peierls-Nabarro model with parameters determined by ab initio calculations. We find that H not only facilitates dislocation emission from the crack tip but also enhances dislocation mobility dramatically, leading to macroscopically softening and thinning of the material ahead of the crack tip. We observe strong binding between H and dislocation cores, with the binding energy depending on dislocation character. This dependence can directly affect the mechanical properties of Al by inhibiting dislocation cross-slip and developing slip planarity

[en] Abstract Background: B2-S22-AFA is a kind of small molecule mimetic polypeptide that can conjugate to epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) specifically and has obvious depressant effect on breast cancer cells with overexpressing HER-2. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the specific killing effect of ¹³¹I-labeled B2-S22-AFA on breast cancer cell with overexpressing HER-2. Methods: ¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA was prepared by using N-bromosuccinimide method to measure the labeling efficiency, radiochemical purity, stability, and immunocompetence. The expression levels of HER-2 in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. The inhibitory rate of B2-S22-AFA on cell growth was observed with epidermal growth factors (EGF) at different concentrations. Five groups i.e, B2-S22-AFA group (B2-S22-AFA final concentration: 1 μg·mL^-1), ¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA group (¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA final concentration: 144 kBq/1 μg·mL^-1), ¹³¹I group (¹³¹I final concentration: 144 kBq·mL^-1), negative control group and reagent blank group, were selected for contrast tests with the final concentration of EGF in each group at 5.0 pg·mL^-1. The proliferation and activity of cells were measured by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The inhibitory rates were compared among ¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA group, B2-S22-AFA group and ¹³¹I group in the growth of the two kinds of cells at different time. Results: 1) HER-2 receptors were strongly expressed in SKBR3 cells while weakly (low) or no expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. The radiochemical purity, labeling rate and specific activity of ¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA were 95.0%-97.6%, 64.8%-79.6% and 151.7 MBq·mg^-1, respectively. Radiochemical purity of ¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA was 95.4%, 93.5%, 91.4%, 88.2% and 77.4% when it was placed at 37 ℃ in serum for 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The maximum binding rates of SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells were (66.47 ± 3.24)% and (3.89 ± 0.81)% (tested for 3 times) respectively. 2) The inhibitory effect of B2-S22-AFA on the growth of SKBR3 cells only in the presence of EGF. 3) The killing effect of ¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA on SKBR3 cells was significantly stronger than that of B2-S22-AFA and ¹³¹I (p < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect of B2-S22-AFA on the growth of SKBR3 cells was significantly higher than that of ¹³¹I (p < 0.05). ¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA and B2-S22-AFA had no obvious killing effect on MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion: ¹³¹I-B2-S22-AFA can significantly enhance and accelerate the specific killing effect of B2-S22-AFA on breast cancer cells with high HER-2 expression. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the value of ⁹⁹Tc^m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging in assessing response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NCT). Methods: Thirty-five local advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients underwent clinical examination (measuring the largest tumor diameter) and ⁹⁹Tc^m-MIBI imaging before and after 3 cycles of CEF or CMF or CTF chemotherapy. The pathology was reviewed and immunostaining of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression were obtained after surgery. Visual analysis was used and tumor/normal tissue (T/N) ratio calculation >35% was considered as effective response. Clinical response was based on WHO criteria. The pathological effect after chemotherapy at II or III grade was defined as markedly effective, the I grade as weakly effective. Results: The positive rate of imaging in the patients with markedly pathological effect (75%) was significantly higher than that in the patients with weakly effect (9%). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 75%, 91% and 80% respectively for ⁹⁹Tc^m-MIBI imaging with visual analysis, while 84%, 80% and 83% respectively for semiquantitative analysis, 50%, 64% and 54% respectively for clinical examination. The sensitivity and accuracy of the imaging were significantly higher than those of the clinical evaluation (P < 0.05). In the 24 patients with marked pathological effect, ⁹⁹Tc^m-MIBI uptake and PCNA level were correlated, but no relationship with P-gp level was found. Conclusion: ⁹⁹Tc^m-MIBI imaging can effectively monitor the neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic effect in LABC. (authors)

[en] The purpose of this talk is to analyse the effects of multi-pion correlation and isospin on the source distribution in coordinate space. It is shown that multi-pion Bose-Einstein correlations make the average radius of the pion source become smaller. The isospin effect on the pion multiplicity distribution and the source distribution is also discussed. (author)

[en] The application of radionuclides ⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP, ²⁰¹Tl and ¹⁸F-FDG in osteosarcoma diagnosis and therapy are introduced. Understanding these methods are advantageous to improving treatment and research processing level in China

No abstract available

[en] Highlights: • A metal-free nitrogen-doped diamond electrode was synthesized. • The electrode exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for nitrobenzene reduction. • The electrode exhibits high selectivity for reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline. • High energy efficiency was obtained compared with graphite electrode. -- Abstract: Effective electrode materials are critical to electrochemical reduction, which is a promising method to pre-treat anti-oxidative and bio-refractory wastewater. Herein, nitrogen-doped diamond (NDD) electrodes that possess superior electrocatalytic properties for reduction were fabricated by microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology. Nitrobenzene (NB) was chosen as the probe compound to investigate the material's electro-reduction activity. The effects of potential, electrolyte concentration and pH on NB reduction and aniline (AN) formation efficiencies were studied. NDD exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for reduction of NB to AN. The NB removal efficiency and AN formation efficiency were 96.5% and 88.4% under optimal conditions, respectively; these values were 1.13 and 3.38 times higher than those of graphite electrodes. Coulombic efficiencies for NB removal and AN formation were 27.7% and 26.1%, respectively; these values were 4.70 and 16.6 times higher than those of graphite electrodes under identical conditions. LC–MS analysis revealed that the dominant reduction pathway on the NDD electrode was NB to phenylhydroxylamine (PHA) to AN

[en] Highlights: •Visualization and image processing techniques are used in refractory failure study. •Corrosion is investigated according to penetration depth of cross-sections. •Refractory is classified into six zones by corrosion pattern and erosion simulation. •Erosion is studied through contour arithmetical mean deviation of refractory surface. •Space distributions of corrosion and erosion present different characteristics. -- Abstract: As the key component of the entrained-flow gasifier, the refractory experiences high temperature, while also suffering the impacts of high speed gas flow and massive particle impacts accompanied with molten slag. These issues are causing corrosion and erosion that shorten the gasifier service life. Based on a bench-scale opposed multi-burner (OMB) gasifier, the refractory macrostructure failure is investigated by vision-based techniques. The whole refractory is cut into cross-sections and along the vertical direction to study the corrosion. From these samples, it is possible to classify the refractory failure into six zones by utilizing the penetration depth (calculated by area) coupled with simulations of particle trajectories. Refractory surface erosion is investigated through contour arithmetical mean deviation by employing a light field camera to measure the surface height distribution in each cross section. The space distributions of refractory corrosion and erosion present different characteristics which could guide the future design and optimization of OMB gasifiers. The extent of corrosion distribution can be concluded as follows: impinging up-flow zone > impinging down-flow zone > dome zone > impinging/burner zone > plug-flow zone > cone zone. Meanwhile, the extent of surface erosion distribution can be concluded as follows: impinging down-flow zone > impinging/burner zone > cone zone > dome zone > impinging up-flow zone and plug-flow zone.

[en] Graphical abstract: -- Highlights: •We develop a strategy to evaluate matrix effect and its impact on the IDMS results. •Matrix effect and IDMS correction factor from different conditions are evaluated. •Ion suppression effect is observed in LLE and HLB pre-treated sample solutions. •Ion enhancement effect is found in MCX pre-treated sample solution. •IDMS correction factor in HLB and MCX solutions in three instruments is close to 1 -- Abstract: In the present study, we developed a comprehensive strategy to evaluate matrix effect (ME) and its impact on the results of isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) in analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in milk powder. Stable isotope-labeled internal standards do not always compensate ME, which brings the variation of the ratio (the peak area of analyte/the peak area of isotope). In our investigation, impact factors of this variation were studied in the extraction solution of milk powder using three mass spectrometers coupled with different ion source designs, and deuterium-labeled chloramphenicol (D5-CAP) was used as the internal standard. ME from mobile phases, sample solvents, pre-treatment methods, sample origins and instruments was evaluated, and its impact on the results of IDMS was assessed using the IDMS correction factor (θ). Our data showed that the impact of ME of mobile phase on the correction factor was significantly greater than that of sample solvent. Significant ion suppression and enhancement effects were observed in different pre-treated sample solutions. The IDMS correction factor in liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) extract with different instruments was greater or less 1.0, and the IDMS correction factor in hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) and mix-mode cation exchange (MCX) extract with different instruments was all close to 1.0. To the instrument coupled with different ion source design, the impact of ME on IDMS quantitative results was significantly different, exhibiting a large deviation of 11.5%. Taken together, appropriate chromatographic conditions, pre-treatment methods and instruments were crucial to overcome ME and obtain reliable results, when IDMS methods were used in the quantitative analysis of trace target in complex sample matrix