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AbstractAbstract
[en] This book contains the proceedings of an International Seminar jointly organized by the Commission of the European Communities and the Universite Catholique de Louvain. Louvain-la-Neuve, 7-11 October 1985. Distribution coefficients have been the subject of much criticism, and a meeting was convened by the Commission of the European Communities and the Universite Catholique de Louvain to bring together researchers who represent different scientific disciplines and have obtained distribution coefficients experimentally, or tried to use them for modelling. The goal was to discuss theoretical approaches and experimental limitations of obtaining distribution coefficients and to evaluate alternative methods of acquiring comparable information. Modellers who utilize distribution coefficients to predict transport and fate of radionuclides in the environment were invited to discuss how they use the values and what alternatives would be acceptable for their modelling efforts. The intention open discussion among disciplines would provide explanations for the variability observed in experimental results and clarify which results are most appropriate for use in radiological assessment models. (author)
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1986; 430 p; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985; EUR--10121 EN; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; Price Pound42.00.
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The author outlines the conflicting dangers of over-simplification of the interaction compartment and using excessively complicated models. He opposes the use of constant Kd coefficients and outlines action taken to combat this by the Commission of the European Community and by IAEA. (UK)
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Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 401-404; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The data available do not cover the spectrum of all those radioelements which are considered essential in risk assessments. Moreover, the use of distribution coefficients postulates linearity and reversibility of the chemico-physical phenomena involved and no data are available for competitive sorption/desorption mechanisms. While such simplifications may be acceptable, within given limits, and even necessary where heavy uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are to be done, more sophisticated models, better approaching the reality are certainly more appropriate for best estimate calculations. (author)
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Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 406-413; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
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Book
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Desmet, G.; Myttenaere, C.
Application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models1986
Application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models1986
AbstractAbstract
[en] The following topics are mentioned in this review of papers presented as a result of work done under contract to the CEC: 1) Fresh water entrained radionuclides behaviour in the event of contact with sea water. 2) Remobilization of actinides from contaminated intertidal sediments. 3) Distribution coefficients for Pusup(238,239,240). 4) Distribution coefficient for Technetium 5) Kd values in marine systems for Eu152, Ce144 Am241 and the influence of carbonates 6) Am241 availability from deep sea sediments. Future research listed includes the role of surfaces in the transport of radionuclides, in the marine environment, the speciation and availability of Am in tidal water, biological and geochemical investigation in relation to deep sea dumping of low-level waste, and the validation of transfer models. (UK)
Primary Subject
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Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 414-417; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
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Book
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Conference
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AMERICIUM 241, AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, CARBONATES, CERIUM 144, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE PATHWAY, ESTUARIES, EUROPIUM 152, FIELD TESTS, LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES, MARINE DISPOSAL, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, PLUTONIUM 238, PLUTONIUM 239, PLUTONIUM 240, RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION, SEAWATER, SPONTANEOUS FISSION RADIOISOTO, TECHNETIUM, TIDE
ACTINIDE NUCLEI, ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, AMERICIUM ISOTOPES, BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-PLUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, CARBON COMPOUNDS, CERIUM ISOTOPES, COASTAL WATERS, DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, ECOSYSTEMS, ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES, ELEMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT, EUROPIUM ISOTOPES, EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, HEAVY NUCLEI, HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES, ISOTOPES, MANAGEMENT, MASS TRANSFER, MATERIALS, METALS, NUCLEI, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, ODD-ODD NUCLEI, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES, POLAR SOLVENTS, RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, RADIOACTIVE WASTES, RADIOISOTOPES, RARE EARTH NUCLEI, SOLVENTS, SURFACE WATERS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTES, WATER, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Solid materials exist in various structures and textures: pulverulent rock in the form of micrograins or colloidal particles, consolidated, permeable, impermeable, single-phase, multiphase, compact or fractured rock. The distribution of radioelements between the solution and the solid must be characterized by different retention coefficients according to the types of rock. The mass-related retention coefficient, Kd, may be used when the whole mass participates in interactions. With permeable rocks, the surface-related retention coefficient, Ka, must be used. But there are also numerous intermediate cases such as low-permeability compact materials or multiphase rocks for which utilisation of this coefficient is neither accurate nor realistic. This report presents various examples in order to show that analysis of the structure and texture of solid materials is imperative to ensure the validity of the coefficients intended to quantify the distribution of radioelements between phases. (author)
Primary Subject
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Source
Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 64-71; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
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Book
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The field distribution coefficient Ksub(d,f) is an important global parameter to describe the transfer of elements and radionuclides in aquatic, terrestrial and geologic environments. Pu and Am are transuranic elements with well studied environmental and radiological concerns. New aspects presented here are: 1) The valence of mobile chemical forms of Pu: PuO2+(Pu V) PuO2++(Pu VI) and their radiological incidence; 2) The chemical speciation of Pu and Am, especially complexation with natural inorganic and organic ligands. Selected parameters affecting Ksub(d,f) are discussed: physical and mechanical factors of liquid/solid contact; sorption and exchange by minerals, clay and organic matter; precipitation; oxidoreduction and pH; complexation, competition with stable elements (Na, K, Fe,...), microbiological factors. The incidence of the Ksub(d,f) variability on the transfer of Pu and Am in environment and trophic chains of animal and man is briefly discussed. (author)
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Source
Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 309-314; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
Record Type
Book
Literature Type
Conference
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ADSORPTION, AMERICIUM, AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, CLAYS, CORRECTIONS, DESORPTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE PATHWAY, ERRORS, FIELD TESTS, LIGANDS, MINERALS, ORGANIC MATTER, OXIDATION, PH VALUE, PLUTONIUM, RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION, REDUCTION, SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACES, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, VALENCE, WASTE-ROCK INTERACTIONS
Reference NumberReference Number
INIS VolumeINIS Volume
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Lambrechts, A.; Foulquier, L.
Application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models1986
Application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models1986
AbstractAbstract
[en] This study analyzes the transfers of a mixture of five radionuclides (Co60, Cr51, Cs137, Mn54 and Na22) between the water and the sediment of the Rhone and between the water or sediment and carp. The kinetics of the various transfers are expressed in the form of equations which can be incorporated into a model capable of simulating the radioactive contamination of the constituents of an ecosystem. Using this direct transfer data together with the results of experiments on trophic transfers, it is possible with the help of this model to interpret the levels of activity actually measured in the Rhone downstream of the nuclear installations. (author)
Primary Subject
Secondary Subject
Source
Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 336-350; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
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Book
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ANIMALS, AQUATIC ORGANISMS, BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-PLUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, CESIUM ISOTOPES, CHROMIUM ISOTOPES, COBALT ISOTOPES, DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, ECOSYSTEMS, ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES, ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, INTERFACES, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES, ISOTOPES, LIGHT NUCLEI, MANGANESE ISOTOPES, MASS TRANSFER, MATERIALS, MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, NUCLEI, ODD-EVEN NUCLEI, ODD-ODD NUCLEI, RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, RADIOACTIVE WASTES, RADIOISOTOPES, RIVERS, SODIUM ISOTOPES, SURFACE WATERS, VERTEBRATES, WASTES, YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
Reference NumberReference Number
INIS VolumeINIS Volume
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Camplin, W.C.; Gurbutt, P.A.
Application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models1986
Application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models1986
AbstractAbstract
[en] A new ocean model has been developed jointly by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). It has been used in 1985 for the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) review of the NE Atlantic site for low-level radioactive waste disposal. The circulation model, which covers the world's oceans, is overlaid with a sediment model, which includes particle interactions in the ocean interior and in the seabed. The ocean interior processes feature movements with water, two particle size ranges, equilibrium distribution coefficients, gravitational settling and dissolution during descent. In the seabed there is a stack of compartments consisting of an interface between bottom waters and the seabed surface, a well mixed or bioturbated layer, a diffusive layer and a sediment sink from which activity does not return. The processes connecting the seabed compartments are burial, bioturbation and pore water diffusion. Model predictions for an arbitrary release from the dump site are presented. Distribution coefficients are shown to be an important factor in determining water concentrations. (author)
Primary Subject
Secondary Subject
Source
Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 381-390; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
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Book
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Conference
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Reference NumberReference Number
INIS VolumeINIS Volume
INIS IssueINIS Issue
Sibley, T.H.; Storr, J.S.
Application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models1986
Application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models1986
AbstractAbstract
[en] Americium and curium are transuranic elements that bind strongly to particulate matter in freshwater environments. This research was conducted to determine if benthic amphipods (Hyalella sp.) or oligochaete worms (Tubifex spp.) alter sediment/water partitioning. Laboratory experiments were conducted in buffered water from Lake Washington (Seattle, WA) with radionuclide tracers added either to the water or to a selected particulate phase - quartz sand, organic detritus, or NBS (National Bureau of Standards) standard river sediment. Samples were collected during a five day exposure period and radioactivity was measured in the water, particulates and organisms. The presence of organisms increased soluble concentrations of Am and Cm. Desorption from particulate phases occurred more readily for Am than for Cm and each isotope was bound most tightly by NBS sediment and least strongly by quartz sand. (author)
Primary Subject
Secondary Subject
Source
Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 351-360; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
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Book
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Colloid generation and solid-liquid distribution of transuranic elements in natural aquifier systems
AbstractAbstract
[en] The sorption and desorption behaviour of transuranic elements in the presence of their pseudocolloids has been investigated in deep geological aquifer systems at Gorleben area. The generation of transuranic colloids and their influence on the determination of distribution coefficients in a laboratory experimental system are evaluated quantitatively. Discussion is made on the possible extrapolation of laboratory results to natural systems. (author)
Primary Subject
Secondary Subject
Source
Sibley, T.H. (Louvain Univ. (Belgium). Lab. de Physiologie Vegetale; Washington Univ., Seattle (USA). Lab. of Radiation Ecology); Myttenaere, C. (Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium)) (eds.); 430 p; ISBN 1 85166 068 2; ; 1986; p. 120-130; Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; London (UK); International seminar on application of distribution coefficients to radiological assessment models; Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); 7-11 Oct 1985
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Book
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Conference
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