[en] The lunar-semidiurnal variation of cosmic ray μ-meson component for the different minima of solar activity is investigated. The model of lunar-semidiurnal variation of cosmic ray rigid component is developed

[en] The results of the aircraft measurements of the charged cosmic ray component obtained at various heights (from 2 to 10 km) at several points in the USSR, are analyzed. The reverse latitude effect is revealed at heights of 3-5 km

[en] Secondary particles production and their propagation in the atmosphere have been studied in detail. The spectra of kaons, pions, muons, electrons and antiprotons at a depth of 3 and 10 g.cm^-2 of the atmosphere have been calculated and presented here for 2 different geomagnetic locations corresponding to 0.0 GV/c and 4.5 GV/c. The effect of secondary particles in the atmosphere on the determination of the flux of primary e⁺ and anti p is discussed

[en] The nonstationary model is used to describe the conventional and degenerate Forbush-effects in galactic cosmic rays. The relationships of the modulation characteristics to the parameters of the inhomogeneous plasma of solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field

[en] From an analysis of the interplanetary medium plasma/field parameters, it is shown that FDs (classified on the basis of their recurrence with respect to IMF blobs) have different origins. We find that whereas a non-recurrent FD is the effect of a solar flare, a recurrent one is due to a corotating fast stream. Interplanetary medium conditions are shown to be conspicuously different for the two types of decreases. When a flare precedes a recurrent FD, the modulating region is an overlap of the modulating regions associated with a flare and a stream

[en] It is suggested that the most important mechanism that produces Forbush decreases is simply additional adiabatic cooling of cosmic ray particles due to prolonged containment behind the compressed field region of a flare shock wave. Using a technique for studying diffusive propagation by trajectory simulation, we show that adiabatic cooling satisfactorily accounts for the main intensity vs time profile of Forbush decreases and for their dependence on particle rigidity. Moreover, we find that the diffusion coefficient also plays a significant role in determining the amplitude of the effect as the containment time is strongly affected by the choice of scattering mean free path. Isolated Forbush decreases are concerned for relativistic cosmic rays at the earth, related to the passage of a model flare compression wave bounded by forward and reverse shocks and limit the discussion to changes in isotropic intensity

[en] The results of the study of the planetary distribution of cosmic ray intensity have shown a disagreement between the theoretical cutoff rigidities and the measured distribution of cosmic ray intensity in the South Atlantic. Planetary measurements of cosmic ray neutron component were carried out from November, 1971 to January, 1972 and from February to May, 1975 in the Atlantic Ocean onboard r/v Academician Kurchatov

[en] The ionizing and X-ray radiation measurements have been performed at sea level from latitude 60⁰ north to 70⁰ south using a large group of the thin-walled Geiger counters and a scintillation counter. The latitude effect of cosmic rays in the path from Leningrad to the equator is 12%, according to the vertical counter telescope with the 7 mm A1 filter, and approximately 10% according to the Geiger counter. The latitude effect for the X-ray radiation with Esub(γ) > 50 keV is 3%

[en] A new technique has been developed for tracing cosmic ray penumbral structures existing in the real field for any particle rigidity and site configuration. Structures mapped by the technique show many interesting features, including forbidden penumbral 'islands'. A number of other associated techniques have been developed, such as a method for determining the stability of penumbral structures

[en] The first and the second harmonics of muon intensity solar-diurnal variation in Yakutsk measured on the Earth's surface and underground at depths 7, 20, 60 m w.e. for 1958-1979 are studied. It's shown that in 1969-1979 maximum times of these harmonics are shifted to earlier hours compared with 1958-1968. Both periods are different in orientation of solar magnetic field. There are differences in spectrum of these variations. Results are discussed with expected ones from a model taking into account the interaction of galactic and solar magnetic fields