[en] The author won the Nobel price of physics in 1979 with S. Weinburg and A. Salam for their theory on the unification of weak and electromagnetic forces. This book reports on the research work of the author, his main discoveries and the aim of his work on matter and universe structure. (J.S.)

No abstract available

[en] The two-loop effective potential of the non-topological soliton bag model at finite temperature and finite density is calculated. The influence of thermal effects on the vacuum structure is investigated as well

[en] I present a physical picture of small X physics and its implications for processes at very high energies. This picture is valid when the density of partons become so large that it is a good approximation to use weak coupling methods in QCD. This may allow to a solution to problems such as the asymptotic nature of deep inelastic scattering at fixed Q², unitarization, and multiparticle production. It may also allow for the computation of the initial conditions for the hot matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. (author)

[en] Short communication

[en] Given the remarkable successes of the standard model, it is appropriate that books in the field no longer dwell on the development of our current understanding of high-energy physics but rather present the world as we now know it. Dynamics of the Standard Model by Donoghue, Golowich, and Holstein takes just this approach. Instead of showing the confusion of the 60s and 70s, the authors present the enlightenment of the 80s. They start by describing the basic features and structure of the standard model and then concentrate on the techniques whereby the model can be applied to the physical world, connecting the theory to the experimental results that are the source of its success. Because they do not dwell on ancient (pre-1980) history, the authors of this book are able to go into much more depth in describing how the model can be tied to experiment, and much of the information presented has been accessible previously only in journal articles in a highly technical form. Though all of the authors are card-carrying theorists they go out of their way to stress applications and phenomenology and to show the reader how real-life calculations of use to experimentalists are done and can be applied to physical situations: what assumptions are made in doing them and how well they work. This is of great value both to the experimentalist seeking a deeper understanding of how the standard model can be connected to data and to the theorist wanting to see how detailed the phenomenological predictions of the standard model are and how well the model works. Furthermore, the authors constantly go beyond the lowest-order predictions of the standard model to discuss the corrections to it, as well as higher-order processes, some of which are now experimentally accessible and others of which will take well into the decade to uncover

[en] The degeneracy of the vacuum according to chirality is proved. It is shown that the local source of the fermionic field leads to a change of the chiral charge density. This signifies screening of the chiral charge and, possibly, confinement. Both effects are due to topological fluctuations of the sigma-field

[en] The behaviour of the differences of the proton-proton and proton-antiproton cross sections is studied with the help of the U-matrix method in the presence of the C-odd partner of pomeron. 15 refs

[en] In this paper we present a concise expression of the classical electromagnetic radiation spectrum of a moving charge. It is shown to be equivalent to the often used and much more complicated form derived from the Lienard-Wiechert potentials when the observation distance R satisfies the condition R much-gt γλ. The expression reveals a relationship between the radiation spectrum and the motion of the radiation source. It also forms the basis of an efficient computing approach, which is of practical value in numerical calculations of the spectral output of accelerated charges. The advantages of this approach for analytical and numerical applications are discussed and the bending-magnet synchrotron radiation spectrum is calculated according to the approach

[en] Results of experiments on deep-inelastic scattering on a proton are discussed. Facts and the progress of representations concerning the nucleon internal structure are described (in 1968, by 1973 and by the end of 70ies). The pattern of nucleon and other hadrons as of diffusional, structureless objects does no longer exist being replaced by successful, quite complete theory