… Testing executable specifications is more efficient since it is done in terms of the application
… If a logic specification language is used, executing a test case is actually a proof; testing and …

… In order to come up with actual input data samples we need to "solve" the logical … distinct
program module) until we have sufficient confidence that it meets its input/output specifications. …

… However, the ability to execute a specification would help a great deal to test its… test a
specification until it is implemented as a program is a very inefficient way of improving specifications…

… testing model and a specification-based testing approach that clearly maps the IDS engine
testing problem to standard testing … raise an alarm when executed on a test case derived from …

… The only way that we normally have to assess whether implementation code will behave
satisfactorily is to execute it on a collection of concrete test cases and examine the outcomes. …

… specification with the customer and obtain test data and expected results for the system. The
PLEASE specification … sequence begins execution and OPt through OPi_ 1 execute correctly…

… executes the method on each test input, and uses the method postcondition as an oracle to
check the correctness of each output. Specifications are first-order logic … -order logic formulae…

… logic of SMV. Because our goal is not to verify P but to construct a … test sequences for the
three smaller specifications, … the WCPI specification and consequently the long execution time …

… logical formulae on program data values (using a decision procedure). Second, we give a
novel symbolic execution … that are witnesses to a testing criterion encoded in the specification. …

… specification and perform the validation by a series of tests on … use of symbolic execution
for validating specifications.) Although … Both functional and logic programming have been sug…