How do you incorporate solar radiation and shading analysis into the site planning process and workflow?

1 Identify the site context and constraints

The first step in incorporating solar radiation and shading analysis into your site planning process is to identify the site context and constraints. This includes the location, orientation, topography, climate, zoning, and existing features of the site. You can use maps, surveys, aerial photos, and site visits to gather this information. You should also review the local codes and regulations that may affect the solar access and shading requirements of your project.

2 Assess the solar potential and demand of the site

The next step is to assess the solar potential and demand of the site, which means how much solar radiation the site receives and how much it needs for different purposes. You can use tools such as sun path diagrams, solar charts, and solar calculators to estimate the solar exposure, angle, and duration of the site throughout the year. You should also consider the solar demand of the site, which depends on the type, function, and occupancy of the building, as well as the desired level of daylighting, heating, cooling, and renewable energy generation.

3 Design the building form and orientation

The third step is to design the building form and orientation, which are the key factors that influence the solar performance of the building. You should aim to optimize the building shape, size, and layout to maximize the solar benefits and minimize the solar drawbacks. For example, you can orient the building along the east-west axis to capture more sunlight in the winter and less in the summer, or use elongated or compact forms to reduce the heat loss or gain through the envelope. You should also consider the views, privacy, and aesthetics of the building orientation.

4 Incorporate passive and active solar strategies

The fourth step is to incorporate passive and active solar strategies, which are the techniques that use or convert solar radiation for heating, cooling, lighting, or power generation. Passive solar strategies rely on the natural movement of heat and light, such as insulation, thermal mass, ventilation, shading, and daylighting. Active solar strategies use mechanical or electrical devices, such as solar panels, collectors, or pumps, to harness or distribute solar energy. You should select the appropriate passive and active solar strategies based on the site conditions, building requirements, and cost-effectiveness.

5 Evaluate the solar performance and impact of the design

The fifth step is to evaluate the solar performance and impact of the design, which means how well the design meets the solar objectives and how it affects the environment and the users. You can use tools such as simulation software, energy models, or mock-ups to test and compare different design options and scenarios. You should also consider the qualitative aspects of the design, such as the visual comfort, thermal comfort, glare, shadow, and aesthetic impact of the solar radiation and shading.