What are the advantages and disadvantages of using bolted or welded connections in structural steel design?

1 Bolted connections

Bolted connections use bolts and nuts to fasten steel plates or sections together. They are usually fabricated in a workshop and assembled on site. Bolted connections are easy to install, inspect, and maintain. They also allow for flexibility and adjustability in design and erection. However, bolted connections also have some drawbacks, such as requiring more material, creating holes and stress concentrations in the steel, and needing extra protection against corrosion and vibration.

3 Design considerations

When designing structural steel connections, you need to consider several factors, such as the type and magnitude of loads, the geometry and alignment of members, the serviceability and reliability of the structure, and the applicable codes and standards. You also need to balance the cost and benefits of bolted and welded connections, and evaluate their suitability for your project objectives and constraints.

4 Construction considerations

When constructing structural steel connections, you need to follow the specifications and instructions of the design drawings, the fabrication shop, and the erection contractor. You also need to ensure the safety and quality of the workmanship, the materials, and the equipment. You need to coordinate with other trades and stakeholders, and comply with the regulations and inspections of the authorities. You also need to anticipate and resolve any issues or problems that may arise during the construction process.

5 Maintenance considerations

When maintaining structural steel connections, you need to monitor their performance and condition over time, and identify any signs of deterioration or damage. You also need to perform regular cleaning, painting, and repairing of the connections, and protect them from environmental and operational hazards. You need to follow the recommendations and guidelines of the manufacturer, the designer, and the owner. You also need to plan and budget for the maintenance activities and costs.