BIOMEDICA CRO’s Post

Single-cell integration reveals metaplasia in inflammatory bowel diseases I.- Context 1. Gastric mucosal lesions, if superficial, heal through surface cells with histopathological changes such as foveolar hyperplasia. 1.1. If the lesion/inflammation is deeper, usually chronic, most often induced by the carcinogenic bacteria H pylori, glandular histopathological alterations occur, which initially manifest as pyloric metaplasia. 2. Pyloric gland metaplasia (also called pseudopyloric gland or mucosal metaplasia) is a condition in which one type of pyloric gland cell is replaced by another type of cell, usually observed at the site of the terminal ileum. 2.1. This is a sign of chronic inflammation and mucosal damage, and may be a non-specific marker of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 2.2. Metaplasia may be caused by chronic inflammation from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, trauma, prolapse, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced injury 2.3. Metaplasia results in loss of acid-secreting parietal cells, expansion of foveolar cells, reprogramming of digestive enzyme-secreting chief cells, and induction of mucus and wound healing proteins 3. Brunner's glands are glands located in the submucosa of the duodenum (between the pylorus and sphincter of Oddi) that secrete bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect the intestinal walls from gastric juices. 3.1. They also secrete pepsinogen and urogastrone in response to the presence of acid in the duodenum, which inhibit gastric acid secretion. 4. Pyloric metaplasia involves multiple molecular and cellular changes. 4.1. Activation of signaling pathways: Chronic inflammation activates various signaling pathways, such as the Wnt signaling pathway and the Notch signaling pathway, which can promote the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells into INFLARE (as the authors call the metaplastic cells of the pyloric gland) 4.2. Regulation of gene expression: Transcription factors and microRNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression during pyloric metaplasia. 4.3. Cell-cell interactions: INFLARE interact with other cells in the intestinal microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts, which can influence their differentiation and function. II.- The study and the findings ... III.- Link: https://lnkd.in/dw8_CSM5

This is a great discovery that should definitely help not only teeth but also inflammation elsewhere providing a greater aid in controlling healthy living irrespective of preventative measures advised to be followed. We do know by now about the surprise beneficial factor of low dose antibiotics in keeping up good health and even extending it. This is another case of an antibiotic helping regenerate tissue while killing microbiome at the same time suppressing inflammation. The team led by Song Li from University of California, searched for small molecules as drug candidates and identified a bifunctional antibiotic, azithromycin (AZM), that not only inhibits bacterial growth but also modulates immune cells to suppress inflammation. They further engineered a dissolvable microneedle patch loaded with biodegradable microparticles for local and painless delivery of AZM to the gingival tissues. Inflammatory cytokines were decreased while anti-inflammatory cytokines and M2 macrophage were increased with AZM treatments in vitro. In vivo delivery of the AZM-loaded microneedle patch demonstrated the same effects on cytokine secretion and the promotion of tissue healing and bone regeneration. In addition, microparticles containing anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 alone or in combination with separately-formulated AZM microparticles, had similar or slightly enhanced therapeutic outcomes respectively. The bimodal action of AZM obviates the necessity for separate antibacterial and immunomodulatory agents, providing a practical and streamlined approach for clinical treatment. The use of a microneedle delivery system enhances the targeted and painless administration of the therapeutic agent to the gingival tissue. The dual action of AZM in suppressing bacterial growth and modulating immune responses demonstrates its potential as a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for periodontitis. These findings provide a basis for further research and potentially pave the way for the development of novel and effective treatment options for this prevalent oral disease and more chronic inflammatory diseases. #healthcarecosts #inflammation #healthyaging #regenerativemedicine

📃Scientific paper: Modulation of the microbiota across different intestinal segments by Rifaximin in PI-IBS mice Abstract: Background Rifaximin has been increasingly applied in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment. Whether there were differences in the effects of rifaximin on microbiota from different intestinal segments, especially the small intestine where rifaximin predominantly acted, has not been confirmed. Methods In this study, we used Trichinella spiralis infection to induce post infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) and measured visceral sensitivity of mice by means of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) tests to colorectal distention (CRD). We compared the effects of rifaximin on the composition of ileal, colonic mucosal and fecal microbiota in PI-IBS mice. Results Rifaximin significantly reduced AWR scores and increased pain threshold in PI-IBS mice, and this effect was associated with the change in the relative abundance of ileal mucosal microbiota. Rifaximin could obviously decrease ileum mucosal microbiota alpha diversity assessed by Shannon microbial diversity index. Meanwhile, the analysis of beta diversity and relative abundance of microbiota at phylum, family and genus levels showed that rifaximin could improve the microbiota structure of ileal mucosa. However, for colonic mucosal and fecal microbiota, this effect of rifaximin was not obvious. Rifaximin could reshape the correlation of genera between different intestinal segments. Conclusion Rifaximin improved visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice. Rifaximin mainly affected ileal mucosal microbiota, and i... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/ADL ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

📃Scientific paper: Changes of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome Abstract: Peutz–Jeghers Syndromeis a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and skin and mucous membrane pigmentation. The pathogenesis of PJS remains unclear; however, it may be associated with mutations in the STK11 gene, and there is currently no effective treatment available. The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in the human body, and an increasing number of studies have reported a relationship between gut microbiota and human health and disease. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the gut microbiota characteristics of patients with PJS. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the gut microbiota of 79 patients with PJS using 16 S sequencing and measured the levels of short-chain fatty acids in the intestines. The results showed dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of patients with PJS, and decreased synthesis of short-chain fatty acids. Bacteroides was positively correlated with maximum polyp length, while Agathobacter was negatively correlated with age of onset. In addition, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were positively correlated with the age of onset but negatively correlated with the number of polyps. Furthermore, the butyric acid level was negatively correlated with the frequency of endoscopic surgeries. In contrast, we compared the gut microbiota of STK11-positive and STK11-negative patients with PJS for the first time, but 16 ... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/wLNEY ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

📃Scientific paper: Relapsing and refractory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum Abstract: Background Peritonitis is an important complication and cause of morbidity in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Corynebacterium species , often considered skin and mucosal contaminants, are a rare cause of PD-associated peritonitis and have been acknowledged in published guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PD peritonitis only over the last decade. Case-Diagnosis/Treatment We present two children with difficult-to-treat episodes of PD peritonitis due to Corynebacterium amycolatum . Episodes were associated with fever, abdominal pain and cloudy dialysate, high dialysate polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts, and elevated serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin concentrations. Symptoms persisted beyond 5 days in 4 of 5 peritonitis episodes, and peritonitis relapsed despite in vitro sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to guideline-recommended antibiotics. C. amycolatum was cultured from the PD catheter tip despite 4 weeks of intraperitoneal glycopeptide therapy and clinical peritonitis resolution suggestive of efficient biofilm formation. Our systematic literature search identified three previous (adult) case descriptions of C. amycolatum peritonitis, all with repeat episodes by the same organism. The incidence of C. amycolatum as a cause of PD peritonitis has not yet been established but is likely underreported due to challenges in species differentiation. Conclusions C. amycolatum is a rarely identified cause of refractory and/or relapsing PD p... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/djzU ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

Propolis is a completely natural bee product that bees collect from the leaves, stems, and buds of plants, known for its powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. With a high polyphenol content and unique bioactive components, propolis has notable anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics, making it beneficial for respiratory issues such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and asthma. Scientific studies indicate that the valuable polyphenols in propolis provide strong antioxidant effects, potentially shortening illness duration and reducing the frequency of medication use. In scientific databases, there are nearly 2,000 academic studies on the use of propolis in bronchitis. In a randomized controlled scientific study conducted at the Italian Stomatology Institute in 2016, the effects of propolis use in 56 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute otitis media or pharyngitis were examined. As a result of the study, it was observed that the use of propolis for 72 hours reduced the severity of acute otitis media and viral pharyngitis, and reduced the use of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Researchers have reported that propolis can benefit from its antiviral and antibacterial effects in lower and upper respiratory tract infections. For detailed information, you can watch my video or visit www.aslieliftanugur.com. Reference: Di Pierro, Francesco, Alberto Zanvit, and Maria Colombo. "Role of a proprietary propolis-based product on the wait-and-see approach in acute otitis media and in preventing evolution to tracheitis, bronchitis, or rhinosinusitis from nonstreptococcal pharyngitis." International journal of general medicine 9 (2016): 409.

In patients with #multiple_sclerosis, there are specific oral microbiota and metabolites as potential biomarkers that may additionally be associated with a causal relationship (pathogenicity). NOTES: - Oral #Ammonium, which is a potent #neurotoxic compound, was more common in the oral cavity of MS patients. - MS models predicted a large increase in the production of #Methanol and #Formaldehyde, and a decreased availability of #Inosine and #Deoxyinosine. - Known for its cancerogenic properties, Formaldehyde was also reported to play a role in neurological disorders - #Myoinositol and #Deoxycytidine showed decreased bioavailability in MS patients. - Myoinositol is an important cell messenger and osmolyte in the nervous system. - Deoxycytidine is a hypomethylating agent, that has promising protective effects and is capable of improving the course of EAE. - Inosine was shown to improve cognitive function and to decrease neuroinflammation in ageing rats. - In Ms > A significant decrease in #Spermidine synthase by the gut microbiota, as well as a decrease in components of the norspermidine biosynthesis pathway in the saliva was observed. - The abundance of #Actinomyces genus, along with several #Actinomycetales compounds increased in the gut of MS patients. - There is a peptide from #Actinomyces can mimic #Collagen type IV α3127–148 and become a source of #autoimmunity, thus leading to anti-glomerular basement membrane disease in HLA DRB1*15:01 humanized mice - Among the oral microbiota, five genera (#Dialister, #Aggregatibacter, #Catonella, #Streptococcus, and #Paludibacteriaceae-F0058) had a decreased relative abundance in the MS cohort. Interestingly, the first three genera have also been shown to be associated with periodontal diseases - the #Enterobacteriaceae family (including #Escherichia, #Shigella, #Enterobacter and others) exhibited a large increase in abundance in the MS group - #HycI_peptidase, an enzyme from #Escherichia_coli that acts as a pH resistance factor (pH 2–2.5)29, was more abundant in MS. - #Fusobacterium and #Leptotrichia had an increased abundance in the MS oral microbiota. MyNote: Consider always oral hygiene in MS as with any other neurodegenerative disease. https://lnkd.in/ejtkN88d

🔬𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗻 𝗙𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗨𝗹𝗰𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 Researchers have uncovered significant findings in the efficacy of fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). This study, involving 19 participants with mild to moderate UC, evaluated the impact of microbial pre-treatment and delivery methods (capsules vs. enema) on patient outcomes. Key Highlights: • Treatment Success: About 50% of UC patients responded to FMT, with one-third achieving clinical remission, surpassing results from traditional biological agents. • Microbial Insights: The research identified that non-responders had higher baseline levels of fecal calprotectin, indicating more significant inflammation. • Antibiotic Pre-Treatment: Patients receiving antibiotics before FMT showed improved outcomes, emphasizing the potential role of microbial preparation in enhancing treatment effectiveness. • Role of Bacteroides: The study specifically points out the influence of Bacteroides species. Patients who did not respond to FMT had a higher presence of Bacteroides, known for its association with inflammation and UC symptoms. Addressing these species could be key in improving FMT strategies and patient outcomes. The discovery that specific bacterial strains and their metabolic products can influence treatment outcomes could revolutionize how we approach UC and similar diseases. 📊 The detailed findings highlight the complexity of microbial ecosystems and their role in disease modulation, providing a roadmap for future therapeutic strategies. For more details on the study and its impact on future treatments, click ⬇️. #UlcerativeColitis #Microbiome #HealthcareInnovation #MedicalResearch #Gastroenterology #FecalTransplant

Let's know about the punching back techniques..🚀 🗨Fecal microbiota transplantation is a medical treatment used to treat severe bacterial infections and balance the gut microbiome. It involves transferring a tiny sample of healthy feces, including beneficial microbiota, into a sick colon. 🗨The billions of helpful microbes that reside in the gut microbiome are finely regulated by medicines, illnesses, and other circumstances. A healthy feces sample may be used as a simple and efficient way to replenish the gut with thousands of beneficial bacteria, hence restoring diversity. 🗨For patients with a prolonged C. difficile infection—a bacteria resistant to antibiotics—fecal transplantation is advised. However, because of the impact of gut microbiota on immune system, metabolism, and digestion, it could also be helpful for other conditions. Healthcare providers are exploring fecal transplant as a potential treatment for various conditions such as IBD, IBS, obesity, liver disease, diabetes, allergies, ASD, anxiety, depression, and multiple sclerosis. 🗨Microbiota restoration therapies (MRTs) are thought to represent the future of C. diff treatment, meanwhile fecal microbiota transplantation is an experimental treatment for C. diff infection that is frequently recommended when other treatments fail. 🗨There are several ways to get fecal bacteria into the gastrointestinal tract: colonoscopy, upper endoscopy, enema, and oral capsule. Microbiota may proliferate via enema without causing major environmental alterations, and enema is also used to administer Rebyota, the first FDA-approved treatment. Oral capsules are intended to stay whole until they reach the colon since they contain freeze-dried, live fecal bacteria. The most current FDA-approved treatment, SER-109, also known as VOWST, includes spores of bacteria from the feces of Firmicutes. RESEARCHER - ATHEENAPANDIAN Manoj_Atheenapandian_Researcher Bio Zeephysis BioScience_Central Biomedourse ATHEENAPANDIAN MOHAMMED SAHIL S-TRAINING OFFICER (TO)-ATHEENAPANDIAN VICE PRESIDENT - ATHEENAPANDIAN

The spot urine creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine in a single urine sample. This test is useful for evaluating kidney function and diagnosing various conditions affecting the kidneys. Purpose: - Kidney Function Assessment: Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Measuring creatinine levels in urine helps assess how well the kidneys are functioning. - Hydration Status: The test can also help determine hydration status, as creatinine levels can indicate how diluted or concentrated the urine is. Procedure: - Sample Collection: A random urine sample is collected, usually in a clean container provided by the healthcare provider. - Testing: The urine sample is analyzed to measure the concentration of creatinine. Interpretation: - Normal Range: The normal range for creatinine in a random urine sample is typically 5-13 mmol/L. - High Levels: Elevated creatinine levels in urine may indicate high muscle mass, high protein intake, or certain kidney conditions. - Low Levels: Low creatinine levels can suggest kidney dysfunction, low muscle mass, or overhydration. Understanding your urine creatinine levels can provide valuable insights into your kidney health and overall metabolic status. #MedicalLaboratoryTechnology #Microbiology #Phlebotomy #LaboratoryTesting #DiagnosticTesting #HealthcareProfessional #MedicalTesting #ClinicalLaboratory #BiomedicalScience #HealthcareIndustry #MedicalScience #LaboratoryMedicine #ClinicalMicrobiology #InfectionControl #PhlebotomyTechnician #MedicalLabTechnician #MicrobiologyLab #ClinicalLab #HealthcareCareer #MedicalCareer #ScienceCareer #COVID19Testing #Virology #Bacteriology #Parasitology #MolecularDiagnosis #GeneticTesting #Cytology #Histopathology #Immunology #Serology