BIOMEDICA CRO’s Post

Single-cell integration reveals metaplasia in inflammatory bowel diseases I.- Context 1. Gastric mucosal lesions, if superficial, heal through surface cells with histopathological changes such as foveolar hyperplasia. 1.1. If the lesion/inflammation is deeper, usually chronic, most often induced by the carcinogenic bacteria H pylori, glandular histopathological alterations occur, which initially manifest as pyloric metaplasia. 2. Pyloric gland metaplasia (also called pseudopyloric gland or mucosal metaplasia) is a condition in which one type of pyloric gland cell is replaced by another type of cell, usually observed at the site of the terminal ileum. 2.1. This is a sign of chronic inflammation and mucosal damage, and may be a non-specific marker of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 2.2. Metaplasia may be caused by chronic inflammation from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, trauma, prolapse, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced injury 2.3. Metaplasia results in loss of acid-secreting parietal cells, expansion of foveolar cells, reprogramming of digestive enzyme-secreting chief cells, and induction of mucus and wound healing proteins 3. Brunner's glands are glands located in the submucosa of the duodenum (between the pylorus and sphincter of Oddi) that secrete bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect the intestinal walls from gastric juices. 3.1. They also secrete pepsinogen and urogastrone in response to the presence of acid in the duodenum, which inhibit gastric acid secretion. 4. Pyloric metaplasia involves multiple molecular and cellular changes. 4.1. Activation of signaling pathways: Chronic inflammation activates various signaling pathways, such as the Wnt signaling pathway and the Notch signaling pathway, which can promote the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells into INFLARE (as the authors call the metaplastic cells of the pyloric gland) 4.2. Regulation of gene expression: Transcription factors and microRNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression during pyloric metaplasia. 4.3. Cell-cell interactions: INFLARE interact with other cells in the intestinal microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts, which can influence their differentiation and function. II.- The study and the findings ... III.- Link: https://lnkd.in/dw8_CSM5

This is a great discovery that should definitely help not only teeth but also inflammation elsewhere providing a greater aid in controlling healthy living irrespective of preventative measures advised to be followed. We do know by now about the surprise beneficial factor of low dose antibiotics in keeping up good health and even extending it. This is another case of an antibiotic helping regenerate tissue while killing microbiome at the same time suppressing inflammation. The team led by Song Li from University of California, searched for small molecules as drug candidates and identified a bifunctional antibiotic, azithromycin (AZM), that not only inhibits bacterial growth but also modulates immune cells to suppress inflammation. They further engineered a dissolvable microneedle patch loaded with biodegradable microparticles for local and painless delivery of AZM to the gingival tissues. Inflammatory cytokines were decreased while anti-inflammatory cytokines and M2 macrophage were increased with AZM treatments in vitro. In vivo delivery of the AZM-loaded microneedle patch demonstrated the same effects on cytokine secretion and the promotion of tissue healing and bone regeneration. In addition, microparticles containing anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 alone or in combination with separately-formulated AZM microparticles, had similar or slightly enhanced therapeutic outcomes respectively. The bimodal action of AZM obviates the necessity for separate antibacterial and immunomodulatory agents, providing a practical and streamlined approach for clinical treatment. The use of a microneedle delivery system enhances the targeted and painless administration of the therapeutic agent to the gingival tissue. The dual action of AZM in suppressing bacterial growth and modulating immune responses demonstrates its potential as a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for periodontitis. These findings provide a basis for further research and potentially pave the way for the development of novel and effective treatment options for this prevalent oral disease and more chronic inflammatory diseases. #healthcarecosts #inflammation #healthyaging #regenerativemedicine

📃Scientific paper: Modulation of the microbiota across different intestinal segments by Rifaximin in PI-IBS mice Abstract: Background Rifaximin has been increasingly applied in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment. Whether there were differences in the effects of rifaximin on microbiota from different intestinal segments, especially the small intestine where rifaximin predominantly acted, has not been confirmed. Methods In this study, we used Trichinella spiralis infection to induce post infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) and measured visceral sensitivity of mice by means of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) tests to colorectal distention (CRD). We compared the effects of rifaximin on the composition of ileal, colonic mucosal and fecal microbiota in PI-IBS mice. Results Rifaximin significantly reduced AWR scores and increased pain threshold in PI-IBS mice, and this effect was associated with the change in the relative abundance of ileal mucosal microbiota. Rifaximin could obviously decrease ileum mucosal microbiota alpha diversity assessed by Shannon microbial diversity index. Meanwhile, the analysis of beta diversity and relative abundance of microbiota at phylum, family and genus levels showed that rifaximin could improve the microbiota structure of ileal mucosa. However, for colonic mucosal and fecal microbiota, this effect of rifaximin was not obvious. Rifaximin could reshape the correlation of genera between different intestinal segments. Conclusion Rifaximin improved visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice. Rifaximin mainly affected ileal mucosal microbiota, and i... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/ADL ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

📃Scientific paper: Relapsing and refractory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum Abstract: Background Peritonitis is an important complication and cause of morbidity in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Corynebacterium species , often considered skin and mucosal contaminants, are a rare cause of PD-associated peritonitis and have been acknowledged in published guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PD peritonitis only over the last decade. Case-Diagnosis/Treatment We present two children with difficult-to-treat episodes of PD peritonitis due to Corynebacterium amycolatum . Episodes were associated with fever, abdominal pain and cloudy dialysate, high dialysate polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts, and elevated serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin concentrations. Symptoms persisted beyond 5 days in 4 of 5 peritonitis episodes, and peritonitis relapsed despite in vitro sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to guideline-recommended antibiotics. C. amycolatum was cultured from the PD catheter tip despite 4 weeks of intraperitoneal glycopeptide therapy and clinical peritonitis resolution suggestive of efficient biofilm formation. Our systematic literature search identified three previous (adult) case descriptions of C. amycolatum peritonitis, all with repeat episodes by the same organism. The incidence of C. amycolatum as a cause of PD peritonitis has not yet been established but is likely underreported due to challenges in species differentiation. Conclusions C. amycolatum is a rarely identified cause of refractory and/or relapsing PD p... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/djzU ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

📃Scientific paper: Changes of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome Abstract: Peutz–Jeghers Syndromeis a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and skin and mucous membrane pigmentation. The pathogenesis of PJS remains unclear; however, it may be associated with mutations in the STK11 gene, and there is currently no effective treatment available. The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in the human body, and an increasing number of studies have reported a relationship between gut microbiota and human health and disease. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the gut microbiota characteristics of patients with PJS. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the gut microbiota of 79 patients with PJS using 16 S sequencing and measured the levels of short-chain fatty acids in the intestines. The results showed dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of patients with PJS, and decreased synthesis of short-chain fatty acids. Bacteroides was positively correlated with maximum polyp length, while Agathobacter was negatively correlated with age of onset. In addition, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were positively correlated with the age of onset but negatively correlated with the number of polyps. Furthermore, the butyric acid level was negatively correlated with the frequency of endoscopic surgeries. In contrast, we compared the gut microbiota of STK11-positive and STK11-negative patients with PJS for the first time, but 16 ... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/wLNEY ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

Propolis is a completely natural bee product that bees collect from the leaves, stems, and buds of plants, known for its powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. With a high polyphenol content and unique bioactive components, propolis has notable anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics, making it beneficial for respiratory issues such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and asthma. Scientific studies indicate that the valuable polyphenols in propolis provide strong antioxidant effects, potentially shortening illness duration and reducing the frequency of medication use. In scientific databases, there are nearly 2,000 academic studies on the use of propolis in bronchitis. In a randomized controlled scientific study conducted at the Italian Stomatology Institute in 2016, the effects of propolis use in 56 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute otitis media or pharyngitis were examined. As a result of the study, it was observed that the use of propolis for 72 hours reduced the severity of acute otitis media and viral pharyngitis, and reduced the use of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Researchers have reported that propolis can benefit from its antiviral and antibacterial effects in lower and upper respiratory tract infections. For detailed information, you can watch my video or visit www.aslieliftanugur.com. Reference: Di Pierro, Francesco, Alberto Zanvit, and Maria Colombo. "Role of a proprietary propolis-based product on the wait-and-see approach in acute otitis media and in preventing evolution to tracheitis, bronchitis, or rhinosinusitis from nonstreptococcal pharyngitis." International journal of general medicine 9 (2016): 409.

As an expert in microbiology, I believe it is essential to approach Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) with caution, especially when it comes to DIY practices. While FMT holds great potential in treating various conditions, there are significant risks and considerations that need to be addressed. Here are my suggestions: Need for Clinical Supervision: FMT should always be carried out under strict medical supervision. The presence of trained professionals ensures proper screening of both the donor and the recipient, reducing the risks of infection and complications. DIY FMT bypasses these safeguards, increasing the potential for harm. Risk of Contaminants: DIY FMT procedures increase the likelihood of contamination or incorrect handling of stool samples. This could introduce harmful bacteria or pathogens into the recipient's gut, leading to infections or worsening of health conditions. Medical centers that perform FMT follow strict protocols to ensure sterility and proper processing. Donor Quality Control: The health and microbiome composition of the donor are critical factors in the success of FMT. Without proper screening, DIY FMT could introduce an unbalanced or harmful microbiome, causing unintended side effects such as dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, leading to further health problems. Unregulated “Wellness” Clinics: Many unregulated FMT "wellness" clinics offer services that are not clinically tested or approved. These clinics often do not adhere to scientific standards and may cause more harm than benefit. As a result, individuals may end up with worsening symptoms or even severe health consequences. Lack of Standardized Protocols: FMT procedures vary depending on the clinical condition being treated, the method of administration (capsules, colonoscopy, etc.), and the specific protocols followed. DIY FMT does not provide the individualized approach that medical professionals offer, which could result in an ineffective procedure or adverse outcomes. Ethical and Legal Concerns: DIY FMT might bypass important ethical and legal considerations. Performing the procedure without proper consent, regulation, and monitoring is a violation of medical practice standards and could have legal repercussions for those involved. Given these risks, I strongly advise against pursuing DIY FMT outside of controlled clinical environments. It is important to only trust reputable medical institutions with proven protocols and clinical oversight when considering such treatments. The safety and well-being of patients should always be the top priority in any medical intervention. #DIYFMT #MicrobiomeHealth #FMTRisks #SafeMedicalPractices #HealthAndSafety #MicrobiologyExpert #HumanHealth #MedicalEthics #ClinicalGuidance #ProtectYourHealth

🔬𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗻 𝗙𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗨𝗹𝗰𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 Researchers have uncovered significant findings in the efficacy of fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). This study, involving 19 participants with mild to moderate UC, evaluated the impact of microbial pre-treatment and delivery methods (capsules vs. enema) on patient outcomes. Key Highlights: • Treatment Success: About 50% of UC patients responded to FMT, with one-third achieving clinical remission, surpassing results from traditional biological agents. • Microbial Insights: The research identified that non-responders had higher baseline levels of fecal calprotectin, indicating more significant inflammation. • Antibiotic Pre-Treatment: Patients receiving antibiotics before FMT showed improved outcomes, emphasizing the potential role of microbial preparation in enhancing treatment effectiveness. • Role of Bacteroides: The study specifically points out the influence of Bacteroides species. Patients who did not respond to FMT had a higher presence of Bacteroides, known for its association with inflammation and UC symptoms. Addressing these species could be key in improving FMT strategies and patient outcomes. The discovery that specific bacterial strains and their metabolic products can influence treatment outcomes could revolutionize how we approach UC and similar diseases. 📊 The detailed findings highlight the complexity of microbial ecosystems and their role in disease modulation, providing a roadmap for future therapeutic strategies. For more details on the study and its impact on future treatments, click ⬇️. #UlcerativeColitis #Microbiome #HealthcareInnovation #MedicalResearch #Gastroenterology #FecalTransplant

The direct and indirect inhibition of proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages by acarbose in diet-induced obesity:- •Inflammation is critical for obesity and obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR). In this study, we reveal the function and mechanism of acarbose on adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)-mediated inflammation in obesity and obesity-induced IR. First, acarbose enhances the abundance of propionic acid-producing Parasutterella, therefore indirectly inhibiting the survival and proinflammatory function of M1-like ATMs via GPR43. Most interestingly, acarbose can directly inhibit M1-like ATM-mediated inflammation through GPR120. Diet-induced obese mice exhibit nitrobenzoxadiazoles (NBD) fluorescence-labeled ATMs, but lean mice that also orally received NBD fluorescence-labeled acarbose do not exhibit NBD fluorescence-labeled ATMs. This direct inhibition of macrophages by acarbose is validated in mouse and human macrophages in vitro. In conclusion, our study reveals that acarbose directly and indirectly inhibits proinflammatory macrophage phenotype, which contributes to the improvement of obesity and obesity-induced IR. The understanding of the immune regulatory effects of acarbose may extend its potential for further therapeutic applications. #highlights:- •Acarbose increases propionic acid-producing gut Parasutterella in obese mice. •Propionic acid inhibits M1-like adipose tissue macrophage via GPR43. •Parasutterella administration reduces obesity and adipose inflammation in mice. •Acarbose directly inhibits M1-like macrophage proinflammation through GPR120.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Why does work for one and not for the other? #Mysummary This study examined fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) across 24 datasets and 226 donor-recipient pairs using strain-resolved metagenomics. They included nine clinical conditions like recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multidrug-resistant bacterial colonization (MDRB), and Tourette syndrome. Several factors influence whether FMT engrafts successfully or not. Here are the major conclusions: 1. Donor Microbiome Composition: 🔹Species and Phylum-Specific Traits: Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria had high engraftment rates (up to ~65%). Firmicutes generally had lower engraftment rates, except for a few exceptions like Dialister succinatiphilus (~76%). 🔹Microbial Abundance: The more abundant a bacterial species is in the donor sample, the higher the likelihood of successful engraftment in the recipient. 2. Recipient Conditions: 🔹Recipients with lower baseline gut microbiome diversity are more likely to allow donor strains to engraft. This is because a less diverse microbiome creates "ecological space" for incoming strains. 🔹Antibiotics can significantly enhance engraftment by reducing colonization resistance in the recipient’s gut. 🔹Infectious diseases, such as recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, tend to have higher engraftment rates. 3. Procedural Factors: 🔹FMT delivered through a combination of capsules and colonoscopy resulted in better engraftment than single-route approaches. 🔹Larger doses of donor stool and the use of mixed donor samples (combining samples from multiple donors) were associated with higher diversity and engraftment rates. #Mythoughts I do get some desperate patients about DIY FMT, because this procedure is yet to be approved for other health conditions and FMT "wellness" clinics are extremely expensive! As this paper clearly shows, several factors can "make it or break it" for FMT success. So DIY FMT not only can harm the patient but can also be a complete waste of effort if none of the above factors are considered. HAPPY to hear your THOUGHTS and stay POSITIVE! #Myinspiration “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” Lao Tzu Link to the paper here: https://lnkd.in/e6C45sjb #microbiome #science #biology #health #pharma #diet #nutrition #probiotics #therapeutics #startup #biotech #FMT