Sharing this indepth study from Sameh A. and colleagues on the food-water-energy nexus and management of climate change and water in #Iraq. Check the findings on #water use in the #oil industry for example. Raises stark questions about: - how countries choose to value and price assets and therefore allocate resources and efforts and - what responsibility importing countries and international investors have in exacerbating climate vulnerability https://lnkd.in/eeywAggB "The oil industry is one of the major freshwater consumption sectors. Iraq is currently producing 4.3 million barrels per day, which means that 12.9–21.5 million barrels of freshwater are needed per day (given that 3–5 freshwater barrels are expected required for each single oil barrel). In the short term, the Iraqi Ministry of Oil plans to increase oil production to 6 million barrels per day (Razzak, 2019), which will increase the quantity of freshwater usage to 18–30 million barrels per day in the near future. Moreover, the current capacity of the downstream oil sector (refineries) is 800,000 barrels per day. The Ministry of Oil’s plan is to increase this capacity up to 1.8 million barrels a day over the next 5 years (Barret, 2020), with each refined barrel needing 1 barrel of freshwater (Nabzar 2011). Collectively, the expected required quantity of freshwater is 20–32 million barrels per day for both the upstream and downstream oil sectors." #oilandgas #energytransition #climate #trade #fairwaterfootprints #transboundarywater
#Climet_Change_Iraq After three and half years of solid scientific efforts. Our paper is now available online. The research sheds light on the Climate Change Security in Iraq. The work was discussed with +500 specialists worldwide during the research journey, used +180 references, presented at three international conferences, and finally published in a peer-reviewed international journal. Some of the quick key findings: - Iraq needs to accommodate ̴ 616 m³/sec of freshwater for marshland water restoration (Page 12). - Sawa Lake depletion is due to the poor management and overuse of groundwater extraction, not because of climate change (Page 13). - Iraq is NOT among the top 5 countries affected by climate change; it is NOT even in the top 10 or any ranking system (Page 14). - The cost of water injection forms 31% of the cost of each single oil barrel (Page 15). - The expected quantity of freshwater is 20–32 million barrels per day for oil sectors (Page 16). - Less than 1% of the government budget is allocated to the Ministries of Water Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture combined (Page 19). - A map of 228 stakeholders for Climate Change (state and non-state actors), 78% from federal Iraq and 22% from the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) (Page 23). - Climate Change Past vs. Present The Akkadian Empire’s collapse because of climate change provides a dire warning for our era (Page 24). - It proves the theory of “Ripple Effects” that reveal complex systems and the management nature and directly links them to the national security of Iraq, the Middle East, and the world (Page 29). Thanks to Relief International, Shell, Crescent Petroleum, GREEN CHARTER, and Toyota Iraq. For funding the international conference of climate change and security, Special thanks to the Sanad amazing team (Ameer Murad, Hasan Azeez, Khamis Al-Jubouri, Qussay Emad, Nasr Alani, Sinan ABUKHUMRA for leading and organizing the conference. Thanks to the #Iraqi_Parliament for the outstanding partnership. Special thanks go to Prof.Dr. Broder Merkel TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Prof.Dr.Yass Alkafaji, DBA, CPA American University of Sharjah Prof.Dr.#Jamie_Lead University of Southern California, Dr.Firas Aljanabi Technische Universität Dresden. You can download the full version and the rudimentary documents here: https://lnkd.in/e8K28Y_P #climatechange #ClimateChange_Adapt_to_Thrive_IRAQ #Water_Security #Food_security #economic_security #nationalsecurity #security #complexsystems
Fareed Yasseen Renad Mansour Hayder Al Shakeri Robin Mills Bassam Fattouh Andrew Roby BEM Valerie Marcel Brendan Devlin Nick Hepworth Justin Alexander Radia Sedaoui Azzam Alwash Jessica Obeid Deborah Gordon Salman Khairalla Ahmed Maan Tabaqchali Adrien Detges Fabien Tondel Silvia Weko Michael Bradshaw Maha Yassin Shvan Najm Anees Azzouni - love to hear any thoughts/corrections/critiques you may have...