Justine Kilama’s Post

Indian Journal of Animal Research Published Volume 58 Issue 9 (SEPTEMBER 2024) Metagenomic Profiling Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Shrimp Health Assessment and Pathobiome-like Association Involving WFS/AHPND Associated Bacteria in Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)-infected Penaeus vannamei S. Ganesh Babu, A. Uma, S. A. Shanmugam doi10.18805/IJAR.B-5394 Cite article:- Babu Ganesh S., Uma A., Shanmugam A. S. (2024). Metagenomic Profiling Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Shrimp Health Assessment and Pathobiome-like Association Involving WFS/AHPND Associated Bacteria in Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)-infected Penaeus vannamei . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(9): 1512-1520. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5394. ABSTRACT Background: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a microsporidian parasite that infects Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). EHP infection causes severe growth retardation and subsequent economic losses, thereby posing a major challenge in shrimp farming. Understanding the diversity of microbiota in EHP-infected shrimp hepatopancreas (HP) is essential, as the organ plays a crucial role in nutrient storage, absorption and growth. Methods: A metagenomic approach was employed, targeting the V3-V4 conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene to gain insights into the microbiome dynamics of P. vannamei HP in response to EHP infection. Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified from the sample reads using sequence similarity based on the 16S bacterial reference database (Greengenes) and the OTUs were clustered together using UCLUST at a cut-off of 97% identity. Result: The analysis revealed a varied OTU abundance between healthy and EHP-infected HP samples. Higher levels of pathogenic Vibrionales, Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Vibrio and Photobacterium damselae were found in EHP-infected HP samples, linked to Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) and White Feces Syndrome (WFS) in shrimp, suggesting a possible pathobiome interaction in conjugation with EHP. Furthermore, specific taxa like Sphingomonadaceae, Chitinophagaceae, Cytophagaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Pseudomonas and Kaistobacter were more abundant in healthy P. vannamei HP, suggesting their potential as health biomarkers to assess the overall health status of the shrimp. KEYWORDS 16s rrna gene, Hepatopancreas, Microbial abundance, Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) https://lnkd.in/gFvFags3

Addressing Johne’s disease is essential, with efforts centered on managing Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by treating infected cattle and curbing its spread. Phage therapy emerges as a promising strategy for controlling MAP infections. This research developed a library of MAP-specific lytic phages to evaluate their therapeutic value under conditions simulating those in infected cattle, such as ruminal fluid, milk, and the bovine gut epithelium. The phage library demonstrates strong lytic activity against MAP, with some also targeting other harmful mycobacterial species. Laboratory tests reveal that certain phages retain stability and effectiveness in complex biological environments and can inhibit MAP colonization in bovine epithelial cells, suggesting potential preventative use in livestock. This phage library could be transformed into probiotic-like products for economical Johne’s disease control. #PhageTherapy #AnimalHealth https://buff.ly/48nsknT

𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐦 𝐃𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 2024-2032: 𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐲: https://lnkd.in/g_W6_Nqs The Sperm Diluent Market is poised for significant growth, reflecting advancements in reproductive biotechnology and increasing awareness of fertility solutions worldwide. Valued at approximately $XX billion in 2023, the market is projected to reach $XX billion by 2032, growing at a robust CAGR of X.X% during the forecast period. The rise in demand for assisted reproductive technologies and the increasing focus on livestock breeding are driving market expansion. Our comprehensive Sperm Diluent Market Report dives deep into both quantitative and qualitative aspects, offering insights into key manufacturers, regional trends, product types, and applications. This report is your definitive guide to understanding market dynamics, covering company profiles, product offerings, and market share estimates of major players as of 2024. The report also highlights in-depth regional analysis, segmenting markets like North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific while exploring emerging opportunities in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa. By segmenting the market by type and application, businesses can better identify profitable niches and expansion opportunities. Segment-wise growth calculations and forecasts for consumption value are presented for the period 2024-2032, aiding businesses in targeting specific and lucrative market niches for the expansion of the Sperm Diluent Market. 𝐓𝐨 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰 𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐃𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐦 𝐃𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭. 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐲: https://lnkd.in/g_W6_Nqs 𝗕𝘆 𝗧𝘆𝗽𝗲:Buffered Sperm Diluent, Unbuffered Sperm Diluent 𝗕𝘆 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:Human Assisted Reproduction, Animal Breeding 𝗕𝘆 𝗥𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻:North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa 𝗕𝘆 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿𝘀:IMV Technologies , CooperSurgical Fertility Solutions, Minitube International, Zoetis , Sigma-Aldrich, Cryo Bio System India, Biogenics Ltd, FUJIFILM Irvine Scientific, Vitrolife Group , Mediculture Foundation , ABS Global, Semex , Lallemand , Eurogene , Trans Ova Genetics, Animal Breeding and Genomics group , Bovine Veterinarian #spermdiluentmarket #healthcareinnovation #fertilitysolutions #biotechnology #globalmarkettrends #marketresearch #assistedreproduction #animalbreeding #regionalanalysis #marketforecast

The reproduction of poultry was originally completely seasonal, active in spring and summer and suspended in autumn and winter. This phenomenon is caused by the time of day Rizhao. If the Rizhao more than 12 hours a day, it will promote the maturity of chicken, receiving this light stimulation of the site is not actually the eyes, but in the pituitary gland, the light just through the eyes and head into the pituitary gland; Chickens with both eyes are just as thrilled by light. When the chicken from a short day Rizhao environment change to a longer day light (more than 12 hours), that is, in the chicken produce some to promote reproduction, so that the ovary or testicular development of hormones. In the case of a hen, the tiny pale follicles are enlarged by gradual yellowing (adipose increase). These follicles also secrete some gonadal hormone, which is responsible for promoting maturation and fertility. At the same time, the size of the liver increased and the color changed from dark black coffee to light brown. As a result, the fat content of the liver is increased and the colour becomes lighter. The estrogen hormone also increases the gonadal tract, causing the bell to be able to receive the fallen yolk, and enabling the uterine tube to carry on the work of egg making. In fact, in addition to estrogen, the hen also secrete some gonadal hormones, the two work together, so that the comb shape, size and colour change, but also make the hen willing to accept the rooster close and mating.

Indian Journal of Animal Research Published Volume 58 Issue 7 (JULY 2024) Clinico-therapeutic Studies on Haemonchosis in Goats Sudhir Kumar, Pallav Shekhar, Ajit Kumar, Sonam Bhatt, Vivek Kumar Singh, Arvind Kumar Das doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5066 Cite article:- Kumar Sudhir, Shekhar Pallav, Kumar Ajit, Bhatt Sonam, Singh Kumar Vivek, Das Kumar Arvind (2024). Clinico-therapeutic Studies on Haemonchosis in Goats . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(7): 1209-1214. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5066. ABSTRACT Background: Haemonchosis is one of the major parasitic infestations in small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic parasite that localises in the abomasum of affected animals and exerts its pathogenicity by blood-sucking activity, adversely affecting the health and productivity of animals. In recent years, there is widespread development of anthelmintic resistance against Haemonchus spp. Therefore, a sustainable strategy needs to be implemented to effectively control haemonchosis in goats. The aim of the present study was to find out the efficacy of herbal anthelmintic drug (Carica papaya aqueous seed extract) and haemato-biochemical alterations in Haemonchus infection. Methods: In this study, goats were screened for Haemonchus spp. by the FAMACHA technique. Hemato-biochemical examination was done before and after the therapeutic trial. Herbal anthelmintic drug was prepared from Papaya seed. In-vitro and in-vivo trial were carried out to test the efficacy of prepared herbal anthelmintic drug. Result: The present study showed that FAMACHA can be used for the early screening of Haemonchus spp. in a herd. Significant improvement in haemato-biochemical examination was found in the group treated with the prepared herbal anthelmintic drug. Thus, the herbal anthelmintic (Carica papaya seed extract) can be a good alternative for controlling Haemonchosis in goats. KEYWORDS Anaemia, Famacha, Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus, Herbal anthelmintic https://lnkd.in/gR3Xmgvx

Today marked two week of significant milestone as I defended my project titled "Hematological Changes and In Response in Animals with Imbalanced Gut Microbiota Treated with Lactobacillus Species." This research journey has been nothing short of enlightening, and I’m thrilled to share this moment captured in the photo above! 🚀 The Journey: From the outset, my goal was to uncover the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and systemic inflammation. The imbalanced gut microbiota has been linked to various health issues, making it crucial to explore therapeutic interventions. My focus was on Lactobacillus species for their potential to restore balance and promote health. 🔍 Key Findings: My research revealed that the administration of Lactobacillus species resulted in significant hematological changes, reducing inflammation markers and enhancing the overall health of the studied animals. These findings could pave the way for future studies in gut health and its systemic effects. 🤝 Gratitude: This achievement wouldn’t have been possible without the guidance of my advisors and the support of my peers. I extend my heartfelt thanks to everyone involved in this journey. Your encouragement fueled my passion for discovery! 📈 Looking Ahead: I am excited to continue this line of inquiry, and I hope that my findings contribute to meaningful advancements in the fields of microbiome research and veterinary health. It’s inspiring to think about the potential impacts our work can have on both animal and human health. Here’s to embracing challenges, pursuing knowledge, and contributing to the ever-evolving landscape of science! 🧬💪 #ResearchDefense #Lactobacillus #GutMicrobiota #Hematology #Inflammation #VeterinaryScience #Microbiome #ScientificResearch #Gratitude #HealthAndWellness

CHINA - Huazhong Agricultural University: Amur Barberry (Berberis Amurensis) inhibits #ASFV proliferation by interfering with early viral infection stages. Luteolin, found in common vegetables like broccoli, has demonstrated the ability to suppress the virus's replication cycle by modulating key signaling pathways. Researchers from Huazhong Agricultural University, in collaboration with the Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, have published a comprehensive review (DOI: 10.1186/s44149-024-00122-1) in the journal Animal Diseases. The study delves into the advancements of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the prevention and control of ASF, highlighting the #antiviral and #immunoregulatory capabilities of herbal compounds. The comprehensive review meticulously details the multifaceted approach of TCM in addressing ASF. It underscores the antiviral potential of various herbal extracts, such as berbamine hydrochloride from Berberis amurensis Rupr., which inhibits ASFV proliferation by interfering with early viral infection stages. Luteolin, found in common vegetables like broccoli, has demonstrated the ability to suppress t he virus's replication cycle by modulating key signaling pathways. The study also highlights the role of TCM in immunomodulation, showcasing how certain herbal formulas can enhance the pigs' immune responses and potentially reduce the severity of ASF. The integration of such traditional knowledge with modern scientific methods presents a robust strategy to combat this devastating disease, illustrating the profound impact of TCM in contemporary veterinary medicine. Dr. Qiang Zhang, a corresponding author and expert in veterinary medicine, emphasizes the importance of this research, stating, "TCM offers a unique perspective in managing diseases like ASF. Its multi-component, multi-target approach can potentially lead to more effective and safer treatments with less risk of resistance development." The findings suggest that integrating TCM into modern pig farming practices could significantly bolster disease prevention and control measures. The use of herbal additives in feed and the development of TCM-based antiviral drugs present promising avenues. Moreover, this research could pave the way for a deeper understanding of TCM mechanisms, facilitating its integration with Western medicine and contributing to global health strategies against ASF and potentially other infectious diseases. https://lnkd.in/d7v6JQYa #swine #swineindustry #feedadditives #herbalextracts #porkmarket #asf #stopspreadasf #africanswinefever

Competitive exclusion revisited 🔬 As first concluded by Grinnell (1904) the principle of competitive exclusion states that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely. Gauss experimentally proved that protozoa using the same resources cannot coexist. Remarkably though in planktonic ecosystems multiple species co-exist despite using the same resources. Paradoxically plankton exists in a highly diverse ecosystem despite competition for limiting resources. Hence Gause's law is not universally applicable. 🧫 In the animal health domain competitive exclusion is attached to a particular- and FDA regulated - product category used with new born, hatched animals (Callaway 2013). The aim of these applications is to colonize the neonate gut with autochthonous microbiome of adult animals in order to establish colonization barrier against pathogens, food spoilage microbes or to reduce their numbers if already present. The proponents of this intervention underline that such an approach is reasonable to use only with neonates, implying that in adults (animals), outcompeting resident microbes by competition for space is not feasible. 🎯 The issue at hand is competitive exclusion as mode of action The mode of action of probiotic dietary supplements is very difficult, if not impossible, to evidence in clinical trials. Phenotypical analysis and in vitro studies provide too many options to choose from. In human probiotic intervention studies the distinctive subtypes of competitive exclusion are often understated or ignored. This is a particular shortcoming when elimination or reduction of undesirable organisms is observed. Although it is pivotal to elucidate whether probiotic benefits are due to competition for space, for nutrients or are the results of direct inhibition, elimination of targeted microbial populations. In the latter case the means of inhibition have an all too broad spectrum featuring between simple organic acids and veritable antibiotics. Specifying these compounds further than solely referring to a generic principle, ie competitive exclusion, is not only prudent but it would also enhance the scientific value of research outcomes. 👨🔬 Therefore it is timely to propose a distinctive threefold typology of competitive exclusion for use in probiotic science... To find out more, meet and discuss the subject with Peter Kürti - Probiotic Evangelist at IPC2024 in Prague, 18-21 June 2024, see the entire programme at https://lnkd.in/ef9hv-vv and... Hit the bell 🔔🔔🔔 to stay tuned on to International Scientific Conference on #Probiotics, #Prebiotics, #Gut #Microbiota and #Health - #IPC2024 and get updated on probiotic, prebiotic #science and #microbiota #research.

RT: Plant Pathology @BSPPjournals 🍻 🇨🇦#OpenAccess GWAS of adult plant resistance to spot blotch in an elite Canadian two-row barley germplasm collection: Genome-wide association study of adult plant resistance to spot blotch in an elite Canadian two-row barley germplasm collection James R. Tucker, Ana Badea, W. G. Dilantha Fernando, Colin W. Hiebert, Alexander C. Woitas, Aaron D. Beattie First published: 04 April 2024 https://lnkd.in/drjr4m9n #barley #germplasm #genebank #spotblotch #resistance #geneticresources #plantbreeding #prebreeding #beer ... Abstract Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a growing concern for barley (Hordeum vulgare) production in most humid, temperate growing regions of the world. Under epidemic conditions, this disease can reduce yields significantly. Reduction of kernel plumpness is associated with lower malt extract and consequently grain quality. Enhanced resistance to this disease is a major goal of western Canadian two-row barley breeding programmes; however, two-row barley is considered to be more susceptible than six-row barley. Plant–pathogen interactions observed for Canadian germplasm are polygenic, where quantitative breeding methods could be beneficial for the development of resistant germplasm. A germplasm panel consisting of 200 two-row, spring barley genotypes with differential reaction to spot blotch was evaluated at Brandon, Manitoba (MB), and Melfort, Saskatchewan (SK), over eight site years. Genome-wide association study was conducted using a 50k single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Illumina iSelect genotyping array. The most-resistant germplasm was found to carry Midwest Six-rowed Durable Resistant Haplotype (MSDRH) alleles at the loci located on chromosomes 1H (Rcs-qtl-1H-11_10764), 3H (Rcs-qtl-3H-11_10565) and 7H (Rcs-qtl-7H-11_20162, Rcs5 locus), where the 3H locus was found to be the most under-represented in Canadian germplasm. Additional marker-trait associations within nurseries were identified on chromosomes 1H, 2H and 4H. Several of the SNP markers identified were found to be polymorphic within the Canadian two-row germplasm panel and thus could be useful for enhancing spot blotch resistance in two-row barley for development of resistant cultivars.

In our latest article we explore the complicated landscape of Early Blight-causing pathogens on potato, which ones are truly pathogenic under our test conditions, and how some of them interact (or not) https://lnkd.in/e9-Giuet #potato #plantpathology #alternaria #EarlyBlight #phytopathology #potatopathogens #potatocrop