There are two types of convection.
Convection is classified as :
(i) free or natural convection and (ii) forced convection.
When the circulating currents arise from the heat transfer process itself, i.e., from the
density differences arising in turn due to temperature differences / gradients within the fluid
mass, the mode of heat transfer is called free or natural convection.
Examples of natural convection :
1. Heating of a vessel containing liquid by means of a gas flame situated underneath.
The liquid at the bottom of the vessel gets heated, expands and rises because its density
has become less than that of the remaining liquid. Cold liquid of higher density takes its
place and a circulating current is set up.
2. The flow of air across a heated radiator/heat of a room by means of a steam radiator.
When the circulating currents are produced by an external agency such as an agitator in a
reaction vessel, pump, fan or blower, the mode of heat transfer is called forced convection.
Here fluid motion is independent of density gradients.
Example of forced convection :
Heat flow to a fluid pumped through a heated pipe.
In general, higher rates of heat transfer are obtained in forced convection as compared to
natural convection owing to a greater magnitude of circulation in the forced circulation.
Piping, Structure , maintenance and Vessel Engineer at Linde India Limited(ASU- BOO).
7moWhen venting N2 than iceing form due to bird mesh and block the line, So bird screen not required .