Mostafa BOUSBAA’s Post

The (extended) Mediterranean is a region with warm and dry summers and usually rainy and cool but mild winters. However, the the conditions aren't the same all over the region. If we compare the conditions for the European #subspecies 𝘈𝘱𝘪𝘴 𝘮𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘢 #𝘪𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴 in central Spain, #𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢 in northern Italy, or #𝘴𝘺𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘤𝘢 in Jordan, they're quite different. In central Spain, we have drier and warmer conditions than in northern Italy. In Jordan, the climate is desertic, with the highest summer temperatures of these three countries. This also shows in the temperature tolerance of the three subspecies: Spanish and Jordan bees support heat much better, than the Italian ones. For 𝘪𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴 and 𝘴𝘺𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘤𝘢, the maximum tolerated temperature in lab experiments was at 45°C. 𝘓𝘪𝘨𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢, on the other hand, only supported temperatures up to 41°C. The data for cold are more variable. But 𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢 showed to be more resistant to cold than the other two subspecies. Data like this help us to develop measures to adapt to #climatechange for more sustainable #beekeeping. For adaptations based on data. #MEDIBEES

𝐃𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐡'𝐬 𝐅𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐂𝐚𝐧𝐯𝐚𝐬! The Danakil Depression is a mesmerizing paradox of nature, where extremes converge to create an otherworldly landscape of vivid, untamed beauty. Situated in the Afar region of northeastern Ethiopia, this geological wonder is one of the hottest, driest, and lowest places on Earth, plunging over 100 meters below sea level. A surreal tapestry unfolds in the Danakil Depression, painted with an extraordinary palette of colors from the vibrant mineral deposits and steaming sulfur springs. Here, neon green pools of acidic water shimmer alongside fields of salt and vast expanses of barren desert, all set against the backdrop of smoking volcanic vents and boiling lava lakes. It's a place where the Earth's primordial forces are on full display, a living laboratory for studying the planet's early geological processes. This hostile yet captivating environment hosts an astonishing array of life forms, including extremophiles that thrive in its scalding temperatures and highly acidic waters. The resilience of these organisms mirrors the indomitable spirit of the Afar people, who call this harsh terrain home and maintain a rich cultural heritage amid the furnace of the desert. Visiting the Danakil Depression is akin to stepping onto another planet—a realm where the boundaries of survival are continually tested, and the raw, unfiltered power of nature is both awe-inspiring and humbling. It is a testament to the Earth's dynamic and ever-changing nature, a place of stark beauty and extreme conditions that challenge our understanding of life and resilience. Pictured: Solayke #geotourism #danakildepression #VisitAfar #VisitEthiopia #BookNow #contactus #TravelWithUs Exotic Ethiopian Adventures, Visit Ethiopia, Ethiopian Airlines

In the northern regions of Thailand, an unearthed fossilized tree has been identified, boasting an estimated height of 72.2 meters. This revelation implies that the ancient tree, once a majestic presence in a vibrant tropical forest, may have towered to an astonishing height surpassing 100 meters. The relic's existence in the humid tropical milieu is believed to extend back approximately 800,000 years. #fossilized #fossilizedtree

Today is World Water Day! 💧 We join the UN observance day and campaign ‘Water for Peace”. Water can be a tool for peace when communities and countries cooperate over this precious shared resource. 🚰 But, water can also spark and intensify conflict when access is denied and usage unfairly shared. 👉It’s also a duty for peace to keep a safe and shared access to #water, and to #preserve the water resources for the future of life on Earth. Also the places where water is being stored must be protected – like glaciers.🗻 ten23 health is a supporter of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch, the largest contiguous glacial area in the Alps. ⛰️ #Glaciers are Earth's natural reservoirs, providing us with freshwater crucial for sustenance. Glaciers play a pivotal role in maintaining our global water balance. Melting glaciers not only threaten ecosystems but jeopardize the water sources millions depend on. Find out more about the Swiss glaciers – you can visit them and learn a lot about the role they play in our ecosystem: https://lnkd.in/e6Q34yw9 UNESCO-Welterbe Schweizer Alpen Jungfrau-Aletsch #ten23health #WorldWaterDay #Glacier #Environment #Planet

These skeleton-like trees are dead yet standing in the most weird places in the Namib Desert. These trees are a natural wonder and tourists including scientists are attracted to pay a visit to see for themselves trees that are estimated to have died a long time ago but still standing and haven't decayed. For example, trees like Camel thorn trees or Acacia erioloba that have died over 900 years ago have been preserved. The dry climate of the Namib Desert, scorching sun and minimal rainfall prevented these trees from decaying instead, they are petrified or turned to become stony structures giving them an eerie appearance. Forming a unique ecosystem, this area is conserved within Namibia's Naukluft National Park. It is believed that the clay landscape on which these trees are standing was once the floodplains of the Tsauchab River but with the climate drying up, sand dunes got in the way of the river flow and the trees on the plain died. These are DeadVlei trees. DeadVlei means, Dead marsh, vlei is an Afrikaans name for marsh or lake. Isn't nature a wonder? ChiOmæ 📷 Dead Acacia erioloba | Vachellia erioloba in Deadvlei.

Oymyakon, a small town in Russia’s Sakha Republic, is famous for being the coldest place on Earth. It’s in Siberia, and it has a super cold climate that’s made it famous around the world. Here are some cool facts about Oymyakon: 1. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Oymyakon was a whopping -71.2 degrees Celsius (-96.2 degrees Fahrenheit) in 1924! That’s colder than Antarctica! 2. Despite the freezing temperatures, the people of Oymyakon have learned to live with it. They keep their cars running all day to keep their engines from freezing, and they build their houses with extra insulation. Many homes have wood or coal-fired heating systems because they need to stay warm all the time. 3. Schools in Oymyakon only close if the temperature drops below -55 degrees Celsius (-67 degrees Fahrenheit). For most people, that’s way too cold, but in Oymyakon, it’s just a regular part of life. 4. Living in Oymyakon is tough because of the cold. Water pipes often freeze, so many people use outhouses instead of indoor plumbing. And because the growing season is so short, they mostly eat meat and fish, which they keep frozen in the freezing temperatures. 5. Oymyakon has become a popular tourist destination for people who want to experience the world’s coldest inhabited place. You can go ice fishing or reindeer sledding, but you’ll need to be prepared for the super cold weather. Oymyakon is a true testament to human resilience. The people of Oymyakon live in one of the harshest climates on Earth, but they’ve learned to thrive in it. #someamazingfacts #facts #factsyoudidntknow #SomeAmazingFacts

A new study reveals that rising sea levels pose a significant threat to cultural heritage sites in Greece and Turkey, with over half of coastal monuments facing high or very high risk of submersion. Iconic sites like Delos, Knidos, and Ephesus could be partially or fully submerged by the century’s end due to climate change. Researchers emphasize the urgency of immediate action to safeguard these historic locations from natural disasters and human impact. Protecting these sites is crucial for preserving humanity's shared cultural heritage for future generations. #CulturalHeritage #ClimateChange #RisingSeaLevels #Greece #Turkey #Conservation https://lnkd.in/eedD59Tv

The Himalayas, a breathtaking masterpiece sculpted by time, are facing unprecedented challenges. From the icy peaks to the lush valleys, this fragile ecosystem is under threat. 🏔️💔 Did you know? 1. The Himalayan glaciers, crucial water sources for millions, are receding at an alarming rate due to climate change. 2. The snow leopard, an elusive and majestic creature, is struggling to survive habitat loss and poaching. 3. Deforestation and unsustainable practices are impacting the delicate balance of the Himalayan ecosystem. It's time to take action! Let's support organizations working tirelessly to protect these mountains. By making conscious choices and spreading awareness, we can contribute to preserving this natural wonder for generations to come. 🌱🌎 Share your knowledge about the Himalayas and let's inspire others to become guardians of our planet. 🌍 #NatureLovers #Conservation #ProtectOurPlanet #HimalayanBeauty #ClimateAction #Sustainability #WildlifeConservation #NaturePhotography #EcoFriendly #SaveThePlanet #GreenLiving #Himalayas #India #Nepal #Bhutan #Tibet

OCEAN: 1.5bya to 1.4bya The Black Sea is a highly unusual body of water. Of course, currently it is unusual for geopolitical reasons, because it forms the southern coast of Ukraine. Grain shipments leaving the port of Odesa, travel across the Black Sea south-west into the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. But that is not 'our' reason why the Black Sea is unusual. It is unusual for us because it resembles the oceans of the Proterozoic. Let me explain. The Black Sea has a surface area of 436,402 km2, which is twice the size of Britain. It has a maximum depth of over 2 kilometres. Yet its only exit is via the Bosporus which is a narrow strait running through Istanbul. At its narrowest, the Bosporus is only 700 metres across, and its depth varies between 110 metres and a mere 13 metres. If the Black Sea were the size of a human head, the Bosporus would be one-tenth of the diameter of a human hair. At the end of the last ice age, a land bridge connected what are now the two halves of Istanbul. The Black Sea was, therefore, separated physically from the Mediterranean. According to one theory, this land bridge collapsed around 6,800BC, causing the Mediterranean to inundate the Black Sea, with a force exceeding 200 times the flow of Niagara Falls. It is possible that this was the basis of the Noah's Flood story. All of which is interesting, but it still isn't the reason why the Black Sea is unusual. It is unusual because the Black Sea has two distinct layers which do not mix. The top 200 metres is well oxygenated and has a rich ecosystem. Beneath that, though, the remaining 90% is stagnant and virtually lifeless, other than for sulphide-munching bacteria. There is no oxygen down there. As a result, the Black Sea is, by far, the largest body of poorly oxygenated water on Earth. To put this in context, nowadays, even at the bottom of the oceans, you can still find oxygen-reliant creatures – fish, crustaceans etc. But not in the Black Sea. The Black Sea was known to the Ancient Greeks as the Euxine, which means 'hospitable sea', presumably based on their experience of the surface waters. But, weirdly, this is now the word used to describe the inhospitable deep waters. 'Euxinic' refers to any waters that are sulphidic and oxygen-depleted. In 1998, the geochemist Donald Canfield argued that the deep ocean during the Proterozoic was also euxinic. This theory is known as the Canfield Ocean. Subsequently, others have adjusted the theory to argue that the oceans had three layers: a surface layer of weakly oxygenated water, a mid-layer of iron-filled waters and a thin euxinic layer at the bottom. But, either way, the message is the same, namely that the oceans were barely oxygenated, and the deep oceans not at all. They were not, therefore, conducive to the expansion of eukaryotic life. If complex life was to form on Earth, it was clear that something had to change. Want more? Click on #historyofearth and press 'follow' PHOTO: © Ocean

80 Ft flames fanned by strong winds is threatening Athens. Areas of Portugal has hit 46 degrees and Serbia many parts are witnessing weeks long heat wave. How long before cities become unlivable for a few months of the year. How many of places with high tourism will remain livable in summer if 7 to 8 week long heat waves assail such cities each summer? The world we are leaving for the next generation is a world with hell on earth. https://wapo.st/46K2VE3