Pressure waves of air flowing off an Aeroplane! Speed ranging from Subsonic to Hypersonic: Subsonic: Air is flowing slower than speed of sound over the entire part of Aeroplane. Usually less than Mach 0.8 Transonic: Air is flowing faster than speed of sound over some parts of the Aeroplane. Around Mach 0.8 to Mach 1.2 Supersonic: Air is flowing faster than speed of sound over entire Aeroplane. Greater than Mach 1.2 Hypersonic: Air is flowing 5 times or more faster than speed of sound over entire Aeroplane. In Hypersonic regime, When Mach no. greater than 5, Aerodynamic heating becomes a critical factor. Source: engineering.insight @instagram #mechanical #mechanicalengineering #aerospace #automotive #cfd #aerodynamics
This is exactly analogous to supercritical, critical, and subcritical flow in open channel and how the waves propagate through the fluid. Replace the airplane with a rock being dropped in open channel flow and those are the behaviors of the waves propagating through the fluid.
Insightful
Νice one! Thanks mate
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2mo📌 At hypersonic speeds, air molecules hitting the vehicle generate extreme heat due to compression and friction, reaching temperatures over 3,000°C (5,432°F) in some cases. So advanced materials such as ceramics, ablative heat shields, and metal alloys, are used to protect the structure from melting.