Rayan Kiwan’s Post

📌 Wireless Concepts in 4G/5G you should Know. 1️⃣ Cell Overshooting : This problem occurs when the transmit power from a cell or site reaches beyond its intended target range and this leads to interference. To mitigate overshooting, RF engineers typically employ techniques such as optimizing cell configuration, adjusting antenna tilt and azimuth etc. 2️⃣ Tilt : This is the way of controlling the beam range in RF systems. It allows network operators to shape the radiation pattern of the antennas to meet specific coverage requirements and ensure efficient utilization of network resources, optimize signal coverage, and improve network performance. 3️⃣ Azimuth : The Antenna Azimuth is the direction that the antenna is pointing (only for directional antennas, not omni antennas). it refers to the horizontal orientation or angle of the sector antenna where the main lobe radiation is focused. This is important for sector and microwave antennas alignments. 4️⃣ BBU : A major components in the RF system , it represents the digital part which is responsible for base band processing, digital signal processing , coding , error correction , QAM , multiplexing and synchronisation , troubleshooting, login and configuration. 5️⃣ RRU : Another important component, called remote radio unit or radio unit. It could be installed beside antenna or in cabinet and it's responsible for signal power amplification and frequency up / down conversation. It is an integral part of wireless communication systems, particularly cellular networks. 6️⃣ RET : This is called remote electrical tilt. It allows adjusting the vertical angle of antenna radiation remotely from NOC. This way a technician does not need to climb the cell tower for physical intervention. It is more flexible than mechanical tilt and could select specific technology or band for tilting. 7️⃣ Beamforming : A technology that allows us to control the beam of the antenna to be focused on specific direction or specific user equipment by controlling the phase & amplitude rather than broadcasting it uniformly in all directions , Its used with 5G & LTE and helps improving Rf signal quality, reduce interference and enhance signal strength. Image credit: Blacktechnologyguys #Telecommuncation #4G #5G #telecom #remoteradiounit

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The Most important questions and answers for any Telecom Engineer to know in this Telecom Field. ◼️What is Microwave link/antenna? Microwave antenna is a physical transmission devices used to broadcast microwave transmission between two or more locations or base stations. ◼️What is BBU? Baseband Unit manages the whole base station, including operating maintenance as will as signal processing. ◼️What is RRU "Remote Radio Unit"? Interfaces with Antenna in one side and with BBU in the another side. •Converts the RF signal into data signal and the vice versa. Filtering and amplification of RF signal. •Decides the coverage of the power capability. ◼️What is the RF Antenna? ORF antenna interfaces with cell phone wirelessly and transmits/receivers RF signals •Decides that shape of the coverage transmits/receivers RF Signais •Decides that shape of the coverage ◼️What does target RSL mean? This means the received signal level, which is the power value to be received form the microwave link ◼️What is the feeder cable? It is a copper cable used to send and receive the signal and transmit it form the cabinet to the antenna ◼️What is the IF Cable? It is also a copper cable, but it is used to transmit microwave signals+the power form the modem cards aligned with the ODU ◼️What does the word alignment mean? This means adjusting the microwave links, so that the best signal is received ◼️What does the word XPIC mean? Cancellation of cross-polarization interference this means sending and receiving data on the same frequency, but using two types of polarization, which are vertical and horizontal to double the speed. ◼️What is the Signal Strength (SS)? Signal strength is a measurement that expresses the quality or value of a particular signal at a certain distance from its source ◼️What is the word SNR? Signal-to-noise ratio, often written S/N or SNR, is a measure of the strength of the desired signal relative to background noise that affects it (undesired signal). ◼️What is Diversity? Diversity scheme refers to a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by using two or more communication channels with different characteristics ◼️What is MIMO? Stand for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, it's a wireless technology that increases the data capacity of a RF radio by using multiple transmitting and receiving antennas ◼️What is Fading? Fading refers to the attenuation of the transmitted signal power due to various variables during wireless propagation. These variables can be atmospheric signal power due to various variables during wireless propagation. These variables can be atmospheric conditions such as rainfall and lightning, geographical position, time, radio frequency etc. ◼️What is the Interference? Interference refers to the effect of unwanted signals or noise on the reception of a wanted signal

📌The Most important questions and answers for any Telecom Engineer to know in this Telecom Field. ◼️What is Microwave link/antenna? Microwave antenna is a physical transmission devices used to broadcast microwave transmission between two or more locations or base stations. ◼️What is BBU? Baseband Unit manages the whole base station, including operating maintenance as will as signal processing. ◼️What is RRU "Remote Radio Unit"? Interfaces with Antenna in one side and with BBU in the another side. •Converts the RF signal into data signal and the vice versa. Filtering and amplification of RF signal. •Decides the coverage of the power capability. ◼️What is the RF Antenna? ORF antenna interfaces with cell phone wirelessly and transmits/receivers RF signals •Decides that shape of the coverage transmits/receivers RF Signais •Decides that shape of the coverage ◼️What does target RSL mean? This means the received signal level, which is the power value to be received form the microwave link ◼️What is the feeder cable? It is a copper cable used to send and receive the signal and transmit it form the cabinet to the antenna ◼️What is the IF Cable? It is also a copper cable, but it is used to transmit microwave signals+the power form the modem cards aligned with the ODU ◼️What does the word alignment mean? This means adjusting the microwave links, so that the best signal is received ◼️What does the word XPIC mean? Cancellation of cross-polarization interference this means sending and receiving data on the same frequency, but using two types of polarization, which are vertical and horizontal to double the speed. ◼️What is the Signal Strength (SS)? Signal strength is a measurement that expresses the quality or value of a particular signal at a certain distance from its source ◼️What is the word SNR? Signal-to-noise ratio, often written S/N or SNR, is a measure of the strength of the desired signal relative to background noise that affects it (undesired signal). ◼️What is Diversity? Diversity scheme refers to a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by using two or more communication channels with different characteristics ◼️What is MIMO? Stand for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, it's a wireless technology that increases the data capacity of a RF radio by using multiple transmitting and receiving antennas ◼️What is Fading? Fading refers to the attenuation of the transmitted signal power due to various variables during wireless propagation. These variables can be atmospheric signal power due to various variables during wireless propagation. These variables can be atmospheric conditions such as rainfall and lightning, geographical position, time, radio frequency etc. ◼️What is the Interference? Interference refers to the effect of unwanted signals or noise on the reception of a wanted signal

📌The Most important questions and answers for any Telecom Engineer to know in this Telecom Field. ◼️What is Microwave link/antenna? Microwave antenna is a physical transmission devices used to broadcast microwave transmission between two or more locations or base stations. ◼️What is BBU? Baseband Unit manages the whole base station, including operating maintenance as will as signal processing. ◼️What is RRU "Remote Radio Unit"? Interfaces with Antenna in one side and with BBU in the another side. •Converts the RF signal into data signal and the vice versa. Filtering and amplification of RF signal. •Decides the coverage of the power capability. ◼️What is the RF Antenna? ORF antenna interfaces with cell phone wirelessly and transmits/receivers RF signals •Decides that shape of the coverage transmits/receivers RF Signais •Decides that shape of the coverage ◼️What does target RSL mean? This means the received signal level, which is the power value to be received form the microwave link ◼️What is the feeder cable? It is a copper cable used to send and receive the signal and transmit it form the cabinet to the antenna ◼️What is the IF Cable? It is also a copper cable, but it is used to transmit microwave signals+the power form the modem cards aligned with the ODU ◼️What does the word alignment mean? This means adjusting the microwave links, so that the best signal is received ◼️What does the word XPIC mean? Cancellation of cross-polarization interference this means sending and receiving data on the same frequency, but using two types of polarization, which are vertical and horizontal to double the speed. ◼️What is the Signal Strength (SS)? Signal strength is a measurement that expresses the quality or value of a particular signal at a certain distance from its source ◼️What is the word SNR? Signal-to-noise ratio, often written S/N or SNR, is a measure of the strength of the desired signal relative to background noise that affects it (undesired signal). ◼️What is Diversity? Diversity scheme refers to a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by using two or more communication channels with different characteristics ◼️What is MIMO? Stand for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, it's a wireless technology that increases the data capacity of a RF radio by using multiple transmitting and receiving antennas ◼️What is Fading? Fading refers to the attenuation of the transmitted signal power due to various variables during wireless propagation. These variables can be atmospheric signal power due to various variables during wireless propagation. These variables can be atmospheric conditions such as rainfall and lightning, geographical position, time, radio frequency etc. ◼️What is the Interference? Interference refers to the effect of unwanted signals or noise on the reception of a wanted signal

#RRU(Remote Radio Unit) A Remote Radio Unit (RRU) is a component of a cellular network's radio access network (RAN) architecture. It is typically installed at the cell site, near the antenna, and connects to the Base Band Unit (BBU) via fiber optic cable. #Key_Functions: 1. Radio frequency (RF) signal transmission and reception 2. Amplification and filtering of RF signals 3. Conversion between digital and analog signals 4. Support for multiple frequency bands and technologies (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) #RRU_Components: 1. Power amplifier (PA) 2. Low noise amplifier (LNA) 3. Transceiver (TRX) 4. Filter and duplexer 5. Digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) #Benefits: 1. Improved network performance and capacity 2. Reduced interference and increased signal quality 3. Enhanced mobility and coverage 4. Simplified maintenance and upgrades 5. Reduced power consumption #RRU_Types: 1. Active RRU: integrates PA, LNA, and TRX 2. Passive RRU: only amplifies and filters RF signals 3. Hybrid RRU: combines active and passive components #Interfaces: 1. Optical fiber interface (e.g., CPRI, OBSAI) 2. RF interface (e.g., antenna connectors) 3. Ethernet interface (for management and control) #Applications: 1. Macro cells 2. Small cells 3. Distributed antenna systems (DAS) 4. Cloud RAN (C-RAN) architectures #Manufacturers: 1. Ericsson 2. Huawei 3. Nokia 4. Samsung 5. ZTE

RF System Expert

RF System Expert

RF System Expert

RF System Expert