#Filters #SAW #RF #ECE #RFdesign #BPF #Microwave SAW Filters Made of peizoelectric crystal, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter is a tiny, passive device. A band-pass filter is what most SAW filters are. Imagine a thin piezo-electric crystal that is rectangular in shape. It has a flat top surface. When an electric field is applied, the crystal grows and shrinks. A voltage that corresponds to the frequency and amplitude of the shiver develops across the surfaces of the crystal as it shakes. When the right frequency sinusoidal voltage is applied to a crystal with electrodes placed on both the top and bottom surfaces, the crystal will resonate. This resonance is used by crystal oscillators to provide a frequency that is precisely equal to the crystal's size and flatness. A SAW filter does not use bulk resonance of a crystal. It uses surface acoustic waves. Instead of electrodes on opposite faces of a crystal, the SAW filter has two interlocking combs of electrodes on one end of the crystal surface and another two such combs at the opposite end, but on the same crystal surface. We connect our input across these combs, as shown in the figure attached. The combs set up electrical fields along the surface of the crystal, instead of within the bulk of the crystal. The electric fields cause the surface of the crystal to expand and contract. If we apply a sinusoidal voltage across the input electrodes of just the right frequency, we will create a surface wave that propagates across the crystal, where it creates a voltage across the output electrodes, which are also interlocking combs. We can clearly see that only frequencies with a whole number of wavelengths between the teeth of each comb will be reinforced as they propagate across the comb fingers. The result is a filter: only frequencies that match the combs at both ends will be transformed from electrical signals into surface wave signals and back to electrical signals again.
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Development Manager at Jinuosh Technology | VMM | SEM | Microscopes | Flash Measuring Systems
👋👋Hello my friends! Excited to share the light source of #VMM💡 There are three main types of light sources: #surfacelight, #contourlight and #coaxiallight. ①Surface light🧐, generally ring or point lighting, ring light for the commonly used surface light illumination👉 easy to install, can provide bright illumination to the diffuse reflective surface. The current trend in the application of the secondary image #measuringinstrument is to use a ring of surface light to provide surface illumination in multiple directions and angles of incidence. Each ring of light incidence angle are different, to ensure that in the measurement of different workpieces have different ways of illumination, so as to make the binary image measuring instrument measurement to achieve good results, especially for👉 #knifemoulds, #laserengraving, industrial double-sided adhesive tape and so on the measurement of a good auxiliary role. This light source is generally equipped with a fully automatic binary image measuring instrument machine, CNC automatic measurement, the binary measuring instrument itself will correct the dimming. ②Contour lighting🧐, as the name suggests, places the light source at the back of the object, which is very different from other lighting methods because the image is analysed not by reflected light but by incident light. Contour lighting produces a strong contrast, when the characteristics of the surface of the object will be lost, but you can clearly see the surface of the object contour, so contour lighting is called contour light source, contour light so that the translucent and opaque parts of the distinction. ③Coaxial light🧐, mainly used for high reflectivity workpiece measurement, choose the coaxial surface light source, you can get a variety of workpiece very good observation effect, the boundary is clear. It can easily realise the measurement of cross section with large hole depth and thickness, such as the width #measurement of cylindrical ring groove and the tooth shape measurement of thread. 👍The above are a few of the more commonly used light source of the secondary measuring instrument, we must choose the appropriate light source according to the characteristics of the measurement of the workpiece in order to make the imaging clearer and improve the accuracy of the measurement. For more information about secondary measuring instrument, secondary image measuring instrument, welcome to consult #Jinuosh.
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Journal of Sensors an Sensor Systems 🚀 New Research article 👀 Concatenated Bragg grating fiber-optic #sensors for simultaneous #measurement of curvature, #temperature, and axial pressure Sohrab Shojaei Khatouni, Sven Zakowski, @Reza Hosseini Vedad, Mustafa Masjedi, @Akram Askar, Jan Christian Eli Ewald, and @Hoc Khiem Trieu Abstract This paper presents the development and evaluation of four sensors based on multiple fiber Bragg grating (FBG) constellations embedded in a silicon dioxide single-mode fiber (SMF) for simultaneous measurement of pressure, temperature, and bending curvature. We applied dimension and material variations – including core, cladding, and coating dimensions; coating material; and the number and arrangement of the FBGs – to optimize the reflected signal response and increase information density. ..... https://lnkd.in/e5X58RnH Ulla Winter Dirk Schaar AMA Verband für Sensorik und Messtechnik e.V.
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Linshang LS155 Color Haze Meter It can measure color, haze and transmittance and only costs US$1208!!! Features: 🌷Support both ASTM and ISO standards 🌷 Measurement of color difference, haze, light transmission, spectral transmittance curves 🌷7-inch large capacity touch screen 🌷Spectral curve display of light transmittance 🌷Good repeatability, with haze repeatability ≤ 0.03, light transmittance repeatability ≤ 0.05, and color difference repeatability ≤ 0.03 🌷Dual aperture design, it adopts 14mm and 5mm dual-aperture design, and the appropriate test aperture can be selected according to the size of the material being tested. 🌷Spectral sensors with fitting algorithms provide high accurancy 🌷Adoption of aerospace aluminum components 🌷Open measurement area, vertical and horizontal. When placed horizontally, a positioning bracket can be optional. 🌷The instrument meets the requirements of haze, transmittance and color measurement under three standard lighting sources: CIE-A, CIE-C and CIE-D65. 🌷Dual measurement mode 🌷Equipped with PC software 🌷Uninterrupted by ambient light Website: https://lnkd.in/gHKEmJpQ #Linshang #haze #hazemeter #color #colorimeter #transmittance #spectrophotometer
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Richard Rosenberg Distinguished Professor, University of Tennessee, Knoxville | Joint Faculty, Oak Ridge National Laboratory | Director, SEAMTN | Director, Machine Tool Research Center
Let's talk about milling force measurement. This paper describes the stability evaluation of a constrained-motion dynamometer (CMD) with passive damping. The CMD’s flexure-based design offers an alternative to traditional piezoelectric cutting force dynamometers, which include complex structural dynamics that can affect the measurement accuracy. In contrast, the CMD system’s structural dynamics are nominally single degree of freedom and are conveniently altered by material selection, flexure element geometry, and element arrangement. In this research, a passive damping approach is applied to increase the viscous damping ratio and, subsequently, the stability limit. Cutting tests were completed and the in situ CMD displacement and velocity signals were sampled at the spindle rotating frequency. The periodic sampling approach was used to determine if the milling response was synchronous with the spindle rotation (stable) or not (chatter) by constructing Poincaré maps for both experiment and prediction (time domain simulation). It was found that the viscous damping coefficient was increased by 130% and the critical stability limit was increased from 4.3 mm (no damping) to 15.4 mm (with damping). https://lnkd.in/e6cjPnmu
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𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐩 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 A tiny conductor strip positioned on top of a dielectric substance over a ground plane forms the core of a microstrip line. Because copper is inexpensive and has great conductivity, it is commonly used as the conductor. Electrical signals are guided across the circuit by this metallic strip, which serves as the signal trace. The dielectric material, which is frequently composed of ceramic, PTFE, or FR-4, controls the speed at which signals go along the microstrip line. The dielectric constant (εr) is a parameter that affects the line's overall performance and characteristic impedance.Microstrip lines are widely used in high-frequency circuits, such as antennas, RF modules, and microwave circuits. Because of its adaptability, microstrip line is one of the most often used types of planar transmission lines. It can be produced using photolithographic techniques, which makes integrated circuit production more accurate. Engineers and designers working on tiny, high-performance systems favor it because of its simplicity of miniaturization and compatibility with both passive and active microwave devices. #keysight ADS #microstrip line #signal analysis #EDA
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Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) is a miniaturized waveguide based on Rectangular Waveguide (RWG). Since RWG offers almost no losses and high Q, it's considered the best option for transmitting high-power EM signals. However, these structures are bulky and expensive. So SIW was created based on the idea of RWG but it can be integrated with other planar elements. For the design, if you meet some limits and equations, you can have high Q (lower than RWG but still higher than CPW and ML) and good isolation. Although the via diameter and the space between two adjacent vias are calculated based on the operating frequency (BW is calculated from 1.2fc to 1.8fc), but still you will have some leakage. If you go to higher frequencies, you will have even more leakage because the wavelength is smaller compared to the via diameter and space. So SIW will always have some leakage even in working BW with precise design. **The design details: HFSS, E-Mag, Cloud form
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BWT Laser Knowledge Sharing: Lecture 37---Laser transmission fiber #laserknowledge #KnowledgeSharing Laser transmission fiber consists of three layers: the core, cladding, and plastic protective layer. The laser is transmitted through the core, with the diameter of the core depending on the power and beam quality of the laser being transmitted inside, typically ranging between 100-600 um. #fiberlaser The cladding surrounds the core, ensuring that the laser is confined within the core. The plastic protective layer provides a durable shell for the delicate and fragile glass fiber, allowing the fiber to bend without breaking. #LaserTransmissionFiber #technologysecrets #ScientificDiscovery #FiberOpticTechnology #CuttingEdgeTech
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Student at Rajarambapu Institute of Technology I B. Tech in Mechatronics Engineering I Diploma in Industrial Electronics from Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli. I Passionate about Electronics I
Homemade mosquito repellent is a good project for electronics Passionate. It also indicates one of the applications of IC555 related to the frequency. The circuit uses piezo buzzer generating ultrasonic waves of specific frequency to resist the mosquitoes and that frequency and it's range is adjustable by astable multivibrator circuit made by IC555 generating specific frequency and potentiometer is used to adjust the output frequency. To reduce the bulkiness of the circuit, transformerless power supply can be used, but proper care must be taken with perfect circuit design, proper soldering with no lose connection and short circuit.
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𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗵𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗴𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗽𝘀!📸📐 To accurately evaluate the quality of crimping connections, micrographs are produced. For this purpose, the crimp is cut open, and the cut surface is ground and polished. The hexagonal crimp shown in the figure connects single terminals to wires with 25 mm² cross section. These are used to produce battery cables in automotive industry. After an initial inspection with the naked eye, detailed analysis is conducted under the microscope. During this analysis, the functional structure of the cable and the condition of the pressed components are assessed.🛠️ Furthermore, the micrograph's measurements are compared with the nominal values of the specifications or standards. Important parameters are the crimping height Ch and width Cwm. Finally, the wire is pulled out from the terminal to determine the holding force of the crimping connection, which in the case of the figure is 4782 N. Schäfer offers solutions for the production as well as for the testing of crimping connections and provides knowledge about crimping technology through practical training. 💡 👍 The machine, applicator and cables shown here are examples from our portfolio and different to the micrograph. You can find these and more on our homepage: https://lnkd.in/eFPcr5yp #SchaeferGroup #SchaeferKnowHow #wireharness #cableproduction #cable #kabel #wire #kabelproduktion #wireprocessing #kabelverarbeitung #crimp #crimping #crimptechnik #crimpen #kabelkonfektion #crimpverbindungen #quality #qualität #qualitätssicherung #micrograph #schliffbild #crimpmicrograph #crimpschliffbild
learning verilog || FPGA|| SoC design flow||Vivado||Vitis ||Xilinix|| interested in VLSI and Embeded System.M.tech in Intelligent automation and Robotics J.U'27.
7moVery informative sir...