Android's Unresolved Interoperability Dilemma

Regarding interoperability on Android, we are facing problems at two distinct layers.

One is more technical about how Google manages files and their distribution. This should be in the hands of developers, not platforms. This manipulation of files by platforms leads to fragmentation that makes it more difficult for third parties to archive and distribute applications.

• Gatekeepers cannot deploy features on their platforms, even as a developers’ decision, which may affect the user’s higher right to interoperability.
• The users’ right to interoperability must be protected and precede the interests of gatekeepers, manufacturers and even developers (influenced by large platforms).

However, a higher and much more critical level is using Google Play as an access gateway to the Android ecosystem.

This is caused by the pre-installation of Google Play on every device sold in Europe. This leaves no space for competitors.

And it not only makes competition impossible but also disables any other control by the DMA.

It doesn't matter if you can choose a default browser if it's unavailable in your device's pre-installed store.

Google's response to this issue has been disheartening and turns Android into a hostile environment for developers and mobile device users. Interoperability matters and we all must protect it as a foundational principle. Read more: