Battery states: State of charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH),Depth-of-Discharge(DoD)

SoC= State-of-charge

SoC stands for State of Charge, which is a measure of how much energy is remaining in a battery as a percentage of its fully charged capacity. So, if a battery has a 50% SoC, it means that it has used up 50% of its total energy capacity.

It is defined as the ratio of the remaining charge in the battery, divided by the maximum charge that can be delivered by the battery. It is expressed as a percentage as below.

SoH=State-of-Health

SoH stands for State of Health, which is a measure of the overall health and performance of a battery over time. It reflects the battery's ability to hold a charge and deliver its rated capacity. A battery with a high SoH will be able to hold a charge for a longer period of time and will have a longer overall lifespan than a battery with a low SoH.

It is defined as the ratio of the maximum battery charge to its rated capacity. It is expressed as a percentage as seen below.

The discharge profile of a secondary battery is affected by its state of health. The lower the SoH, the faster the battery is discharged as it is illustrated in the Figure below.

DoD=Depth-of-Discharge

DoD stands for Depth of Discharge, which is a measure of how much energy has been drawn from a battery compared to its total capacity. For example, if a battery has a 50% DoD, it means that it has been discharged to the point where it has used up 50% of its total energy capacity.

DoD/%=100−SoC/%

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