PROLAPSE IN LAYERS:CAUSES , PREVENTION & TREATMENT
The Poultry VET-rolapse vent in Chickens in an Avian

PROLAPSE IN LAYERS:CAUSES , PREVENTION & TREATMENT

PROLAPSE IN LAYERS


Prolapse (pick out) is the turning inside out of the oviduct and rectal organs through the vent, to the extent of not retracting back. Its occurrence may result in death. Its discovery in time will assist in the reposition of the organs back to their normal position using the hand.

During the process of laying egg, the lower part of the chicken's (layer's) reproductive track is temporarily turn inside out which lets the hen to lay a very clean egg. Sometimes the tissue does not retract after the egg has been laid and this condition is referred to as a prolapse.

The sign observed during prolapse problem is the presence of blood-streaked eggs.

What Causes Prolapse in Chickens?


There are multiple factors that can contribute to prolapse, most of which are caused by incorrect pre-lay management or nutritional changes prior to the start of egg production.


1-Overweight or underweight birds: Overweight birds are more susceptible to prolapse as a result of general muscle weakness and larger eggs laying tendency.

2-Unbalanced feed rations: Insufficient calcium in the diet will bring challenges with eggshell formation but can also lead to muscle tone. Calcium is important for proper muscle tone, and weak muscles may take it hard to bring the oviduct back into the body, increasing the amount of time the oviduct is exposed

3-Reproductive age of the flock of birds: prolapse occurs likely at the peak of birds’ production and period of peak egg mass.

4-Double-yolked eggs laying hens: the excessive size of these eggs will stretch and possibly weaken cloacal muscles.

5-High light intensity: Under high light intensity conditions, birds are more likely to see and be attracted to the everted oviduct and thus pecking occurs and cause damage.

6-Too high fat content in feed will result in prolapse because, the accumulation of fat in the chicken abdominal region will narrow the egg passage and in the process of birds straining to push the egg out, it will results in prolapse.


7.Prolapse can also be caused by injury to the vagina, which can occur when a large egg is laid.

8.Prolapse can be related to poor skeletal development during rearing.

9.Prolapse can also occur if the hen is too young and underdeveloped to be laying eggs.

10.Unbalanced feed rations can also increase the chance of prolapse. Calcium deficiency in the diet can cause challenges with eggshell formation and can also lead to low muscle tone results prolapse.


Can We Treat Prolapse?

There is no effective treatment for prolapsed vent. If you find a bird with prolapsed vent, you must take immediate action to remove and isolate it. You may spray the affected area with a medicated spray such as Oxytetravet to aid recovery and keep her in isolation until she improves. Supplement Vitamin C @ in drinking water in morning hours.


How Do Identify a Prolapsed Vent?

The first signs of a prolapse are blood-streaked eggs. The discovery of blood-streaked eggs should prompt investigation to find affected birds. Implement management techniques to reduce the impact of this condition. A prolapsed oviduct is noticeable as it looks like their insides are falling out of their vent and you may also find blood and feces on their feathers around the vent. If the bird has already been picked at by other birds, tissue may be missing, leaving a bloody gaping hole. If the bird has a blowout or it has already been pecked and further injured by other birds, you will be able to spot the hen by her behavior. She will be in noticeable pain and hesitant to move around. She will probably be a bit skittish and want to avoid contact because of the sensitivity and pain. This shows the importance of regular observation to detect issues and react before it becomes serious.



How to Prevent Prolapse in Chickens?


The key to preventing prolapse is good management; and if good management is promptly applied, the effect of prolapse will be minimized, especially when syndrome begins to appear.

The major percentage of death recorded during the incidence of pick out / prolapse as ascribed to prolapse is not true. The death is as a result of cannibalism among pullets through picking or pecking at the slightly inverted vent of another pullet when laying, till she loses blood or when the intestines have been damaged.

The sign observed during the prolapse problem is the presence of blood-streaked eggs. As stated above, careful and serious management will reduce the rate of prolapse as well as most other health problems in the flock.

Isolation of affected birds should be done if possible to prevent further damage.

Note the following tips:


Photo stimulation should occur when the birds reach the weight and age recommended by the breeder.If pullets come into production too early, they will be more susceptible to prolapse,If underdeveloped birds are given light stimulation too early it increases the risk of prolapse and peritonitis, reduced hatching eggs, a poorer peak and persistency of lay and a more difficult to manage flock. It is important that the light intensity is at the breeder’s recommended level.

  • Do not exceed 16 hours light duration (better 15 hours).
  • Ensure proper light intensity (maximum 40 lux in open house, 20-30 lux in environment control house).Look into reducing the light intensity by covering windows, or replacing bulbs with lower watt bulbs.
  • If the flock produce a higher double yolk eggs(more than 4%) ,then restrict the feed intake.
  • If flock is observe vent pecking behavior then isolate the birds
  • Adjust ME in feed to lower limit of recommendations in developer phase.
  • Supply of balanced feed to the chickens to sustain egg production and maintain body weight at recommended levels.
  • Consider a very low wattage red-coloured bulb. If birds cannot differentiate the colour of the everted shell gland from the background of colours, they won’t be susceptible to cause damage.


The truth about prolapse is that it is the performing (laying) birds that die. Prolapse is not observed in non-laying (non-performing) birds. It is the birds laying well that are always dying. Consequently, the more the number of deaths recorded, the more the economic losses. Poultry farmers should give adequate attention to the feeds they give to their birds to avert the repercussion of prolapse in their poultry flocks.

李京辑

wood floor/PVC floor/laminate floor/Carpet factory

2y

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