Space objects, five-ship horizontal upward blossoms, anti-satellite weapons, and the middle line of the Taiwan Strait
Michael Horlick, MPM, M Ed., PMP
Educator, Lexicographer, and Incurable Idealist
Terms to note from recent PRC Ministry of National Defense press events:
Current quote:
近年来，在习主席和非洲国家领导人共同关心推动下，中非军事关系不断深入发展，双方举办中非和平安全论坛及其框架下专题会议，保持各层级密切往来，在部队建设、人员培训、海上安全、维和行动、医疗卫生、人道主义救援减灾等领域的合作富有成效。
With the guidance and efforts made by President Xi and leaders of African countries, China-Africa military relations have deepened and grown stronger in recent years. The two sides held the China-Africa Forum on Peace and Security and multiple special meetings under this framework. Chinese and African militaries maintain close exchanges at various levels and conduct productive cooperation in force building, personnel training, maritime security, peacekeeping operations, military medicine, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR). (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 大力弘扬理论联系实际的马克思主义学风，在学懂弄通做实上下功夫，扣牢实现建军一百年奋斗目标，全面加强部队建设，全面加强练兵备战，坚决完成党和人民赋予的各项任务，以实际行动迎接党的二十大胜利召开。
We will follow the Marxist style of study that integrates theory with realities and make efforts to really understand and apply the theories. To achieve the military’s centenary goal, we will strengthen the armed forces in all respects and improve military training and combat readiness in an all-round way, fulfill the missions and tasks entrusted by the Party and the people, and set the stage for the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China with concrete actions. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on August 25, 2022)
♦ 在香港开启由治及兴的关键时期，驻香港部队将坚决用习主席重要讲话精神统一思想、统一行动，深入贯彻新时代军事战略方针，深入开展实战化练兵，深入推进依法治军、从严治军，全面提升部队建设水平和履行防务能力，为维护国家安全和香港长期繁荣稳定，为推进“一国两制”实践在香港行稳致远作出更大贡献。
At the critical moment when Hong Kong starts the transition from stability to greater prosperity, the PLA Hong Kong Garrison will resolutely unify thoughts and actions with the spirit of President Xi's important speech to thoroughly implement the military strategic guideline for a new era, enhance realistic training, and take further efforts to exert strict discipline in the PLA and run the military in accordance with the law. It will comprehensively improve the level of development and defense capabilities, and make greater contributions to safeguarding national security, Hong Kong's long-term prosperity and stability, and the sound and sustained practice of "one country, two systems" in Hong Kong. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on July 28, 2022)
♦ ...注重学以致用，大力弘扬理论联系实际的学风，推动学思用贯通、知信行统一，不断开创部队建设和备战打仗工作新局面，以实际行动迎接党的二十大胜利召开。
... attaching importance to putting results of theoretical study into practice. The armed forces should carry forward the approach of combining theories with reality to promote the integration of learning, thinking and using, and of understanding, believing and practicing, in order to make new progress on military development and preparedness, and embrace the 20th CPC National Congress with concrete actions. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on June 30, 2022)
♦ 近年来，在两国元首战略引领下，两军关系不断深化，在人员培训、装备技术、军事医疗、部队建设等方面合作成效显著。
In recent years, under the strategic leadership of the two heads of the state, the two militaries have deepened their relationship and carried out fruitful cooperation in personnel training, equipment and technology, military medicine and force development. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 28, 2022
Current quote:
需要强调的是，美方不是南海问题当事国，应恪守在南海问题上不持立场承诺，停止插手干涉、拱火滋事的恶意行为。
It must be emphasized that the US is not a direct party to the South China Sea issue and it should abide by its commitment of not taking a position on sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea, and stop interfering or stirring up troubles in the region. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 中国将继续同东盟国家全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》，积极推进并完成“南海行为准则”磋商，同南海当事国通过对话协商妥处海上矛盾分歧，加强海上合作，深化互信安全，推动共同开发，致力于将南海建设成为和平之海、友谊之海、合作之海。
China will continue to work with ASEAN countries to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) and actively advance consultations and conclusion of a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC), and work with parties concerned in the South China Sea to properly address maritime disagreements and differences through dialogue. We need to strengthen maritime cooperation, deepen mutual trust and security, and promote joint development, in an effort to make the South China Sea a sea of peace, friendship and cooperation. (Outlook on China’s Foreign Policy on Its Neighborhood In the New Era_新时代中国的周边外交政策展望_2023_10_26)
♦ 中方多次强调，国际发展合作应秉持相互尊重、平等相待原则，充分尊重当事国主权和人民意愿，不能干涉他国内政，不能附加任何政治条件，不能搞“胁迫外交”，也不能为一己私利损害他国主权和利益。
China has stressed on multiple occasions that international development cooperation should follow the principle of mutual respect and equal treatment, and fully respect the sovereignty of the country concerned and the will of the people. It should not interfere in other country’s internal affairs, attach political strings, or engage in coercive diplomacy, still less undermine other country’s sovereignty and interests out of one’s self-interests. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on February 28, 2022)
♦ 大国应坚持公道正义，承担应尽责任，支持平等协商，根据当事国需要和愿望劝和促谈、斡旋调停。
Major countries must uphold justice, fulfill their due responsibilities, support consultation on an equal footing, and facilitate talks for peace, play good offices and mediate in light of the needs and will of the countries concerned. (The Global Security Initiative Concept Paper_全球安全倡议概念文件_2023_02_21)
♦ 大国要坚持公道正义，承担应尽责任，支持平等协商，尊重当事国意见，根据当事国需要和愿望劝和促谈，斡旋调停。
Major countries should uphold equity and justice, shoulder their due responsibilities, and support equal-footed consultation. They should respect the views of the countries concerned, and facilitate talks for peace, play good offices and mediate in light of the needs and will of the countries concerned. (Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China For the 77th Session of the United Nations General Assembly_ 中国出席第77届联合国大会立场文件_2022_09_17)
Current quote:
据报道，美空军部长近日称，中国不断增长的远程导弹和反卫星武器库威胁美国在空战和太空情报等领域的优势地位。
According to reports, the US Secretary of the Air Force recently said that China’s growing arsenal of long-range missiles and anti-satellite weapons pose a threat to the US supremacy in areas such as air combat and space-enabled intelligence. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 据报道，美国太空军发布《太空竞争》评估报告称，中俄正在测试研发反卫星武器，用于拒止、破坏或摧毁卫星和太空服务。
It’s reported that the US Space Force in its assessment report “Competing in Space” said that China and Russia are testing and developing anti-satellite weapons to deny, disrupt or destroy satellites and space services. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on January 26, 2024)
♦ 据报道，4月18日，美国副总统哈里斯在访问范德堡外空部队基地期间宣布，美将停止进行直升式反卫星武器试验，并寻求推动国际社会建立负责任外空行为准则。
Vice President Harris announced while visiting the Vandenberg Space Force Base on April 18 [2022] that the US “commits not to conduct destructive direct-ascent anti-satellite missile testing” and will “work with other nations to establish this as a new international norm for responsible behavior in space”. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 19, 2022)
Current quote:
世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分，根本不存在所谓的“海峡中线”。中国人民解放军在台海地区开展的演训活动，是维护国家主权、安全和发展利益的正当之举，是对外部势力干涉和“台独”势力挑衅的警慑反制，也是维护台海地区和平稳定的必要行动。我们将持续加强练兵备战，坚决捍卫国家主权和领土完整。
There is only one China in the world and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory. There is no so-called "median line" in the Taiwan Strait. The exercises and training conducted by the PLA in the Taiwan Strait are legitimate measures to safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests. They serve as deterrence and a countermeasure against external interference and provocations made by "Taiwan independence" forces, and are necessary to maintain peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait. We will continue to strengthen military training and enhance combat readiness and resolutely defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 台湾是中国的一部分，根本不存在什么“海峡中线”。民进党当局炒作所谓“大陆介选”，不过是他们惯用的选举套路，意在挑动对抗，妄图骗取选票。这套老把戏已经被越来越多的台湾民众所识破。
Taiwan is an inalienable part of China and there is no so-called "median line of the Taiwan Strait". Hyping up the so-called "mainland intervention in Taiwan's election" is nothing but the DPP authorities' old electoral trick to provoke confrontation and swindle votes. More and more people in Taiwan have seen through it. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on December 28, 2023)
♦ 台湾当局称，截至今早六时，已监测到103架解放军飞机持续在台海周边活动，其中有几十架越过了“海峡中线”。
Taiwan authorities claimed that it detected the continued activity of 103 People’s Liberation Army warplanes around the Taiwan Strait by 6 o’clock this morning [September 18, 2023], of which dozens crossed the “median line”. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on September 18, 2023)
♦ 媒报道，1架解放军武直-10攻击直升机近日进入所谓台湾“西南防空识别区”，不仅越过了“海峡中线”，甚至还深入对面900米，引发岛内媒体关注。
Taiwan media reported that a PLA WZ-10 attack helicopter had recently entered the so-called Taiwan's "southwestern air defense identification zone", not only crossing the "median line of the Taiwan Strait", but even flying in for 900 meters, drawing close attention from media on the island. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on May 2022)
♦ 中国的一部分，哪来的什么“海峡中线”？中国人民解放军肩负捍卫国家主权和领土完整的神圣使命，有关战训活动完全是针对“台独”分裂活动和外部势力干涉而采取的必要行动。
Taiwan is a part of China. Where does such a "median line of the Taiwan Strait" come from? The PLA undertakes the sacred mission of safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Its relevant combat training activities are entirely necessary actions in response to the "Taiwan independence" separatist activities and interference by external forces. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on May 2022)
Current quote:
美方以所谓他国威胁为借口扩张自身军力，中方对此坚决反对。众所周知，美国将太空界定为“作战疆域”，研发部署进攻性太空武器，组织军事攻防演习和技术实验，甚至恶意跟踪并危险抵近别国航天器，制造太空物体碰撞风险，已成为太空军事化、战场化的最大推手和太空安全的最大威胁。
The US uses the alleged threats from other countries as an excuse to expand its military power. The Chinese side is firmly opposed to this approach. As we all know, the US has defined space as a warfighting domain. It has developed and deployed offensive space weapons, conducted offense and defense exercises and carried out technological experiments. The US even maliciously tracked and dangerously approached other countries’ spacecraft, creating the risk of collisions between space objects. No country has done more than the US in militarizing the space and making it a battlefield and the US is the biggest threat to space security. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 前不久，中方宣布中国空间站向所有联合国会员国开放，打造全人类的“太空家园”，受到国际社会高度肯定。这与个别国家公然将太空界定为“作战疆域”，组建太空司令部、成立太空军，大力研发部署进攻性太空武器、频繁开展军事攻防演习和技术实验的做法，形成鲜明对比。
Not long ago, China announced that its space station would be open to all UN member states in an effort to create a space “home” for all mankind. This decision has been highly commended by the international community. It stands in sharp contrast to what certain country has done, namely defining space as a war domain, forming a space command and a space force, aggressively developing and deploying offensive space weapons, and conducting frequent military exercises and technological experiments. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on December 29, 2022)
♦ 事实上，美国近年来以冷战思维持续推进太空军事化进程，公然将太空界定为“作战疆域”，组建太空司令部、成立太空军，大力研发部署定向能、“反卫星通信系统”等进攻性太空武器，频繁举行“施里弗”“全球哨兵”和“太空旗”等军事演习。
In fact, the US has promoted space militarization with a Cold War mentality in recent years. It has declared space to be a war domain, created the United States Space Command, established the space force, and aggressively developed and deployed directed energy, anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) and other offensive space weapons. It has also frequently held military exercises such as Schriever Wargame, Global Sentinel and Space Flag. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 28, 2022)
据了解，今年以来，中美两军档案合作取得新的进展。
It is reported that since the beginning of this year, China and the US have made new progress in military archives cooperation. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
前不久，空军八一飞行表演队参加第二届沙特国际防务展并进行飞行表演。此次任务，是空军八一飞行表演队首赴沙特参展、第三次亮相中东海湾地区；首次采用空军运油-20飞机伴随保障，通过空中加油一站式直飞，体现了中国空军的实战化训练水平；7架歼-10C/S表演机组织3场次飞行表演，“四机垂直开花”“五机水平开花”等高难度特技飞行，展示了中国“蓝天仪仗队”风采；空军八一飞行表演队还与“沙特之鹰”“土耳其之星”等外军飞行表演队共舞蓝天，象征中沙两国国旗颜色的“红黄白绿”色拉烟，高空绽放开花，赢得观众喝彩。中国空军八一飞行表演队将不断走出国门、飞向世界，当好和平使者、文化使者、友谊使者。
The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Team recently participated in the 2nd World Defense Show in Saudi Arabia and performed aerobatic displays. This is the first time for the team to perform at an exhibition in Saudi Arabia and its third appearance in the Middle East and the Gulf region. It is also the first time for the team to have a non-stop ferry flight to Saudi Arabia. This was achieved through aerial refueling by an accompanying YU-20 tanker aircraft. It reflects the PLAAF's emphasis on realistic training. During the event, the team performed three times with seven J-10C/S aircraft and demonstrated difficult maneuvers such as four-ship vertical upward blossom and five-ship horizontal upward blossom. They showed the world the style of China’s Guard of Honor in the Sky. The team also performed alongside foreign aerobatic teams such as the Saudi Hawks and the Turkish Stars. The audience cheered when smoke trails of red, yellow, white and green, symbolizing the national flags of China and Saudi Arabia, appeared in the air. The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Teamwill continue to reach out and fly around the world as an envoy of peace, cultural exchanges and friendship. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
前不久，空军八一飞行表演队参加第二届沙特国际防务展并进行飞行表演。此次任务，是空军八一飞行表演队首赴沙特参展、第三次亮相中东海湾地区；首次采用空军运油-20飞机伴随保障，通过空中加油一站式直飞，体现了中国空军的实战化训练水平；7架歼-10C/S表演机组织3场次飞行表演，“四机垂直开花”“五机水平开花”等高难度特技飞行，展示了中国“蓝天仪仗队”风采；空军八一飞行表演队还与“沙特之鹰”“土耳其之星”等外军飞行表演队共舞蓝天，象征中沙两国国旗颜色的“红黄白绿”色拉烟，高空绽放开花，赢得观众喝彩。中国空军八一飞行表演队将不断走出国门、飞向世界，当好和平使者、文化使者、友谊使者。
The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Team recently participated in the 2nd World Defense Show in Saudi Arabia and performed aerobatic displays. This is the first time for the team to perform at an exhibition in Saudi Arabia and its third appearance in the Middle East and the Gulf region. It is also the first time for the team to have a non-stop ferry flight to Saudi Arabia. This was achieved through aerial refueling by an accompanying YU-20 tanker aircraft. It reflects the PLAAF's emphasis on realistic training. During the event, the team performed three times with seven J-10C/S aircraft and demonstrated difficult maneuvers such as four-ship vertical upward blossom and five-ship horizontal upward blossom. They showed the world the style of China’s Guard of Honor in the Sky. The team also performed alongside foreign aerobatic teams such as the Saudi Hawks and the Turkish Stars. The audience cheered when smoke trails of red, yellow, white and green, symbolizing the national flags of China and Saudi Arabia, appeared in the air. The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Teamwill continue to reach out and fly around the world as an envoy of peace, cultural exchanges and friendship. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Current quote:
2月19日，中印两军在莫尔多/楚舒勒会晤点中方一侧举行第二十一轮军长级会谈，双方就解决彼此关切的边境现地问题进行了积极、深入和建设性沟通，同意尽早达成双方都能接受的解决方案。
On February 19 [2024], China and India held the 21st round of Corps Commander Level Meeting at the Moldo-Chushul border meeting point on the Chinese side. The two sides had a positive, in-depth and constructive discussion on resolving the issues of each other’s concern in the border areas and agreed to reach a mutually acceptable solution at an early date. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 7月17日，中印双方在边界西段莫尔多—楚舒勒边防会晤站印方一侧举行了第十六轮军长级会谈。中方将及时发布有关情况，请你保持关注。
On July 17 [2022], China and India held the 16th round of Corps Commander Level Meeting in the Western sector of the China-India border at the Moldo-Chushul border meeting point on the Indian side. The Chinese side will release further information soon. Please stay tuned. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 18, 2022)
Current quote:
近年来，在习主席和非洲国家领导人共同关心推动下，中非军事关系不断深入发展，双方举办中非和平安全论坛及其框架下专题会议，保持各层级密切往来，在部队建设、人员培训、海上安全、维和行动、医疗卫生、人道主义救援减灾等领域的合作富有成效。
With the guidance and efforts made by President Xi and leaders of African countries, China-Africa military relations have deepened and grown stronger in recent years. The two sides held the China-Africa Forum on Peace and Security and multiple special meetings under this framework. Chinese and African militaries maintain close exchanges at various levels and conduct productive cooperation in force building, personnel training, maritime security, peacekeeping operations, military medicine, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR). (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ ... 要保障人道主义救援通道安全畅通，向加沙民众提供更多人道主义援助，停止强制迁移、断水断电断油等针对加沙民众的集体惩罚。
... humanitarian corridors must be kept secure and unimpeded, and more humanitarian assistance should be provided to the population in Gaza. The collective punishment of people in Gaza in the form of forced transfer or water, electricity and fuel deprivation must stop. (Xi_Jinping_Remarks at the BRICS Extraordinary Virtual Summit on the Palestinian-Israeli Issue_2023_12_21)
♦ 今年2月初，叙利亚发生强烈地震，中方第一时间启动紧急人道主义救援机制，向叙利亚提供了总值3000万元人民币的物资和现汇援助。
After the powerful earthquakes hit Syria in early February [2023] this year, China immediately activated its emergency humanitarian assistance mechanism and provided Syria with supplies and cash aid worth a total of RMB 30 million. Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on June 19, 2023
♦ 中国海军派遣舰艇编队赴亚丁湾、索马里海域实施常态化护航行动，积极参加协助印尼打捞失事潜艇等人道主义救援行动，“和平方舟”号医院船多次赴海外执行医疗救助任务。
The Chinese Navy has dispatched naval ships to the Gulf of Aden and the waters off the coast of Somalia to carry out regular vessel protection operations, and actively participated in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR), such as assisting Indonesia in salvaging its sunken submarine. The hospital ship Peace Ark has performed multiple medical aid missions overseas. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on July 29_2021年7月国防部例行记者会文字实录 202107_29)
♦ 加强练兵备战，有效遂行海上维权、反恐维稳、抢险救灾、国际维和、亚丁湾护航、人道主义救援等重大任务，武器装备加快发展，军事斗争准备取得重大进展。
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We have strengthened military training and war preparedness, and undertaken major missions related to the protection of maritime rights, countering terrorism, maintaining stability, disaster rescue and relief, international peacekeeping, escort services in the Gulf of Aden, and humanitarian assistance. We have stepped up weapons and equipment development, and made major progress in enhancing military preparedness. (Xi_Jinping_Report at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China_Secure a Decisive Victory_October_18_2017)
前不久，空军八一飞行表演队参加第二届沙特国际防务展并进行飞行表演。此次任务，是空军八一飞行表演队首赴沙特参展、第三次亮相中东海湾地区；首次采用空军运油-20飞机伴随保障，通过空中加油一站式直飞，体现了中国空军的实战化训练水平；7架歼-10C/S表演机组织3场次飞行表演，“四机垂直开花”“五机水平开花”等高难度特技飞行，展示了中国“蓝天仪仗队”风采；空军八一飞行表演队还与“沙特之鹰”“土耳其之星”等外军飞行表演队共舞蓝天，象征中沙两国国旗颜色的“红黄白绿”色拉烟，高空绽放开花，赢得观众喝彩。中国空军八一飞行表演队将不断走出国门、飞向世界，当好和平使者、文化使者、友谊使者。
The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Team recently participated in the 2nd World Defense Show in Saudi Arabia and performed aerobatic displays. This is the first time for the team to perform at an exhibition in Saudi Arabia and its third appearance in the Middle East and the Gulf region. It is also the first time for the team to have a non-stop ferry flight to Saudi Arabia. This was achieved through aerial refueling by an accompanying YU-20 tanker aircraft. It reflects the PLAAF's emphasis on realistic training. During the event, the team performed three times with seven J-10C/S aircraft and demonstrated difficult maneuvers such as four-ship vertical upward blossom and five-ship horizontal upward blossom. They showed the world the style of China’s Guard of Honor in the Sky. The team also performed alongside foreign aerobatic teams such as the Saudi Hawks and the Turkish Stars. The audience cheered when smoke trails of red, yellow, white and green, symbolizing the national flags of China and Saudi Arabia, appeared in the air. The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Teamwill continue to reach out and fly around the world as an envoy of peace, cultural exchanges and friendship. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Current quote:
美方以所谓他国威胁为借口扩张自身军力，中方对此坚决反对。众所周知，美国将太空界定为“作战疆域”，研发部署进攻性太空武器，组织军事攻防演习和技术实验，甚至恶意跟踪并危险抵近别国航天器，制造太空物体碰撞风险，已成为太空军事化、战场化的最大推手和太空安全的最大威胁。
The US uses the alleged threats from other countries as an excuse to expand its military power. The Chinese side is firmly opposed to this approach. As we all know, the US has defined space as a warfighting domain. It has developed and deployed offensive space weapons, conducted offense and defense exercises and carried out technological experiments. The US even maliciously tracked and dangerously approached other countries’ spacecraft, creating the risk of collisions between space objects. No country has done more than the US in militarizing the space and making it a battlefield and the US is the biggest threat to space security. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 太空是国际战略竞争制高点，太空安全是国家建设和社会发展的战略保障。
Outer space is a critical domain in international strategic competition. Outer space security provides strategic assurance for national and social development. (White_Paper_China's National Defense in the New Era_《新时代的中国国防》_2019_07_24)
Current quote:
中方一贯坚持和平利用太空，反对太空军备竞赛，积极在太空领域推动构建人类命运共同体。我们敦促美方摒弃冷战零和博弈思维，停止散播虚假不实言论，停止在太空扩军备战行为，真正担负起应有的责任，防止对全球战略安全稳定造成严重冲击。
China advocates the peaceful use of space and opposes space arms race. We have made positive efforts to promote the building a community with a shared future for mankind in space. We urge the US to abandon its Cold War and zero-sum game mindset, stop spreading false information, and stop expanding its arsenal and making war preparations in space. The US should truly shoulder its responsibilities and avoid undermining global strategic security and stability. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 同时，美方长期消极抵制太空军控进程，以技术性问题全面否定中俄提出的“防止在太空放置武器、对太空物体使用或威胁使用武力条约”草案，甚至独家阻挡联合国“防止外层空间军备竞赛”问题政府专家组通过报告，导致国际社会相关努力停滞不前。日方也在加速太空军事建设进程，组建“太空作战部队”。上述举动导致太空武器化和太空军备竞赛风险上升，对全球战略稳定产生负面影响，有关动向值得国际社会高度关注。
Meanwhile, the US has long been resisting space arms control. It has completely rejected the draft Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force Against Space Objects (PPWT) proposed by China and Russia for the reason of technical issues. It has also blocked the adoption of the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) by the UN Group of Governmental Experts, making the relevant international efforts at a standstill. Japan is also speeding up the process of space military build-up and forming a space combat force. The aforementioned actions have increased the risk of weaponization and arms race in outer space and negatively affected global strategic stability. The international community should pay close attention to these moves. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 28, 2022)
♦ 据报道，19日，美国务院助卿波夫莱特称，中国、俄罗斯正在研制陆基反卫星武器，增加了外空冲突的风险。这令人对俄中参与防止太空军备竞赛谈判的诚意产生怀疑。
US Assistant Secretary of State Poblete said on March 19 that China and Russia are stepping up efforts to develop ground-launch anti-satellite weapons, which raises the risk of conflict in space and makes it's hard to believe that the two countries are serious about preventing an arms race in outer space. (Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang's Regular Press Conference on March 20, 2019)
Current quote:
据报道，美空军部长近日称，中国不断增长的远程导弹和反卫星武器库威胁美国在空战和太空情报等领域的优势地位。
According to reports, the US Secretary of the Air Force recently said that China’s growing arsenal of long-range missiles and anti-satellite weapons pose a threat to the US supremacy in areas such as air combat and space-enabled intelligence. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 据报道，美国太空军近日正式启动国家太空情报中心。有评论认为，该机构的成立体现了美国在太空领域扩张和获胜的战略野心，将加剧全球军备竞赛向外太空扩展的态势，威胁人类整体安全。
According to reports, the US Space Force recently activated the National Space Intelligence Center. Some commented that it reflects the US strategic ambition to “outreach and win” in the space domain and that it may intensify the emerging space arms race, putting humanity’s overall stability at risk. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 19, 2022)
美方以所谓他国威胁为借口扩张自身军力，中方对此坚决反对。众所周知，美国将太空界定为“作战疆域”，研发部署进攻性太空武器，组织军事攻防演习和技术实验，甚至恶意跟踪并危险抵近别国航天器，制造太空物体碰撞风险，已成为太空军事化、战场化的最大推手和太空安全的最大威胁。
The US uses the alleged threats from other countries as an excuse to expand its military power. The Chinese side is firmly opposed to this approach. As we all know, the US has defined space as a warfighting domain. It has developed and deployed offensive space weapons, conducted offense and defense exercises and carried out technological experiments. The US even maliciously tracked and dangerously approached other countries’ spacecraft, creating the risk of collisions between space objects. No country has done more than the US in militarizing the space and making it a battlefield and the US is the biggest threat to space security. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Current quote:
前不久，空军八一飞行表演队参加第二届沙特国际防务展并进行飞行表演。此次任务，是空军八一飞行表演队首赴沙特参展、第三次亮相中东海湾地区；首次采用空军运油-20飞机伴随保障，通过空中加油一站式直飞，体现了中国空军的实战化训练水平；7架歼-10C/S表演机组织3场次飞行表演，“四机垂直开花”“五机水平开花”等高难度特技飞行，展示了中国“蓝天仪仗队”风采；空军八一飞行表演队还与“沙特之鹰”“土耳其之星”等外军飞行表演队共舞蓝天，象征中沙两国国旗颜色的“红黄白绿”色拉烟，高空绽放开花，赢得观众喝彩。中国空军八一飞行表演队将不断走出国门、飞向世界，当好和平使者、文化使者、友谊使者。
The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Team recently participated in the 2nd World Defense Show in Saudi Arabia and performed aerobatic displays. This is the first time for the team to perform at an exhibition in Saudi Arabia and its third appearance in the Middle East and the Gulf region. It is also the first time for the team to have a non-stop ferry flight to Saudi Arabia. This was achieved through aerial refueling by an accompanying YU-20 tanker aircraft. It reflects the PLAAF's emphasis on realistic training. During the event, the team performed three times with seven J-10C/S aircraft and demonstrated difficult maneuvers such as four-ship vertical upward blossom and five-ship horizontal upward blossom. They showed the world the style of China’s Guard of Honor in the Sky. The team also performed alongside foreign aerobatic teams such as the Saudi Hawks and the Turkish Stars. The audience cheered when smoke trails of red, yellow, white and green, symbolizing the national flags of China and Saudi Arabia, appeared in the air. The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Teamwill continue to reach out and fly around the world as an envoy of peace, cultural exchanges and friendship. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Current quote:
不久前，在中国外交部、军委国际军事合作办公室和军队档案部门协助下，美国防部战俘与失踪人员统计局派团队来华，赴广西、湖南两地进行现地勘察，查找美军二战期间在华失踪人员遗骸，这是新冠肺炎疫情以来双方首次开展现地勘察活动。多年来，中方一直秉持人道主义精神，协助查找美军在华失踪人员遗骸并取得务实进展。
With the assistance of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the CMC Office for International Military Cooperation and competent PLA departments responsible for archives, a delegation of the US Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) visited Guangxi and Hunan to conduct site surveys in search of the remains of missing US military personnel in China during WWII. This is the first time for the two sides to conduct site surveys since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a humanitarian spirit, the Chinese side has been assisting the US side to search for the remains of missing US military personnel in China for many years and solid progress has been made. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 根据中俄两军年度合作计划及双方共识，中国人民解放军近日抽组部分兵力赴俄罗斯参加“东方-2022”演习。印度、白俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦、蒙古国等国家也派出兵力参演。中方陆空参演力量已到达指定地域，相继完成兵力集结、野战营区开设和现地勘察等，并陆续开展适应性飞行训练；海上参演力量与俄舰海上会合后，开展了通信等课目演练。
As per the annual cooperation plan between the Chinese and Russian militaries and the consensus reached by the two sides, the PLA recently sent troops to Russia to participate in the Vostok-2022 exercise. India, Belarus, Tajikistan, Mongolia and some other countries also sent troops to the event. The Chinese land and air troops have now reached the designated areas. They have completed assembling, field camps set-up and site surveys, and started adaptive flight training. The Chinese maritime troops, after joining the Russian ships at sea, have conducted drills on communication and other subjects. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on August 25, 2022)
Current quote:
不久前，在中国外交部、军委国际军事合作办公室和军队档案部门协助下，美国防部战俘与失踪人员统计局派团队来华，赴广西、湖南两地进行现地勘察，查找美军二战期间在华失踪人员遗骸，这是新冠肺炎疫情以来双方首次开展现地勘察活动。多年来，中方一直秉持人道主义精神，协助查找美军在华失踪人员遗骸并取得务实进展。
With the assistance of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the CMC Office for International Military Cooperation and competent PLA departments responsible for archives, a delegation of the US Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) visited Guangxi and Hunan to conduct site surveys in search of the remains of missing US military personnel in China during WWII. This is the first time for the two sides to conduct site surveys since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a humanitarian spirit, the Chinese side has been assisting the US side to search for the remains of missing US military personnel in China for many years and solid progress has been made. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 11月23日，第十批在韩中国人民志愿军烈士遗骸由空军运-20飞机接回到祖国母亲的怀抱，2架歼-20在我国领空为其伴飞护航。人民空军用“双20”列阵长空向革命先烈表达崇高敬意。11月24日，25位英烈遗骸隆重安葬于沈阳抗美援朝烈士陵园。
On November 23 [2023], escorted by two J-20 fighter jets, a Y-20 military transport aircraft carried the 10th batch of remains of the Chinese People's Volunteers martyrs back to China. The deployment of Y-20 and J-20 was a tribute paid by the PLA Air Force to the revolutionary martyrs. On November 24, the burial ceremony of the 25 martyrs was carried out at the CPV martyrs' cemetery in Shenyang. (Regular Press Conference of China's Ministry of National Defense on November 30, 2023)
♦ 在抗疫斗争中，运-20飞越亚洲、非洲向多国运送抗疫物资和新冠疫苗，忠实践行人类命运共同体理念；在国际人道主义救援中，运-20飞赴汤加、阿富汗、巴基斯坦送去希望、传递友谊，彰显“大义中国”使命责任；在接迎志愿军烈士遗骸回国中，运-20连续3年执行任务，今年更是与2架歼-20飞机实施三机编队200米低空通场，以国之大礼告慰先烈。
In the fight against COVID-19, Y-20 aircraft flew to Asia and Africa to deliver medical supplies and COVID-19 vaccines to many countries, faithfully implementing the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind. In international humanitarian relief, Y-20 went to Tonga, Afghanistan, and Pakistan to deliver hope and friendship which demonstrated China's commitment as a major country. For three consecutive years, Y-20 transported the remains of the CPV martyrs back to China. In particular, this year, it formed a three-aircraft formation with two escorting J-20 fighter jets at a low altitude of 200m, paying the martyrs a great national tribute. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on September 29, 2022)
♦ 自2014年以来，共有825具在韩中国人民志愿军烈士遗骸分批由专机护送回国安葬。
Since 2014, the remains of 825 CPV martyrs have been escorted home from ROK in batches by special planes for reburial. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on September 30_2021)
前不久，空军八一飞行表演队参加第二届沙特国际防务展并进行飞行表演。此次任务，是空军八一飞行表演队首赴沙特参展、第三次亮相中东海湾地区；首次采用空军运油-20飞机伴随保障，通过空中加油一站式直飞，体现了中国空军的实战化训练水平；7架歼-10C/S表演机组织3场次飞行表演，“四机垂直开花”“五机水平开花”等高难度特技飞行，展示了中国“蓝天仪仗队”风采；空军八一飞行表演队还与“沙特之鹰”“土耳其之星”等外军飞行表演队共舞蓝天，象征中沙两国国旗颜色的“红黄白绿”色拉烟，高空绽放开花，赢得观众喝彩。中国空军八一飞行表演队将不断走出国门、飞向世界，当好和平使者、文化使者、友谊使者。
The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Team recently participated in the 2nd World Defense Show in Saudi Arabia and performed aerobatic displays. This is the first time for the team to perform at an exhibition in Saudi Arabia and its third appearance in the Middle East and the Gulf region. It is also the first time for the team to have a non-stop ferry flight to Saudi Arabia. This was achieved through aerial refueling by an accompanying YU-20 tanker aircraft. It reflects the PLAAF's emphasis on realistic training. During the event, the team performed three times with seven J-10C/S aircraft and demonstrated difficult maneuvers such as four-ship vertical upward blossom and five-ship horizontal upward blossom. They showed the world the style of China’s Guard of Honor in the Sky. The team also performed alongside foreign aerobatic teams such as the Saudi Hawks and the Turkish Stars. The audience cheered when smoke trails of red, yellow, white and green, symbolizing the national flags of China and Saudi Arabia, appeared in the air. The PLAAF Bayi Aerobatic Teamwill continue to reach out and fly around the world as an envoy of peace, cultural exchanges and friendship. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
不久前，在中国外交部、军委国际军事合作办公室和军队档案部门协助下，美国防部战俘与失踪人员统计局派团队来华，赴广西、湖南两地进行现地勘察，查找美军二战期间在华失踪人员遗骸，这是新冠肺炎疫情以来双方首次开展现地勘察活动。多年来，中方一直秉持人道主义精神，协助查找美军在华失踪人员遗骸并取得务实进展。
With the assistance of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the CMC Office for International Military Cooperation and competent PLA departments responsible for archives, a delegation of the US Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) visited Guangxi and Hunan to conduct site surveys in search of the remains of missing US military personnel in China during WWII. This is the first time for the two sides to conduct site surveys since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a humanitarian spirit, the Chinese side has been assisting the US side to search for the remains of missing US military personnel in China for many years and solid progress has been made. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Current quote:
中国军队将继续秉持真实亲诚理念，与非洲国家军队携手推动落实领导人重要共识，加强战略沟通和务实合作，进一步提升防务合作质效，为共筑高水平中非命运共同体提供可靠安全保障，为维护地区和全球安全、推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。
Following the principle of sincerity, real results, amity and good faith, the Chinese military will continue to work with African militaries to act on the important consensus reached by the leaders, strengthen strategic communication and practical cooperation, and further enhance the quality and effectiveness of defense cooperation. By doing that, we will provide a reliable security guarantee for building a high-level China-Africa community with a shared future and make a greater contribution to regional and global security as well as the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 访问期间，王毅主任将分别同四国领导人会见、会谈，就双边关系及共同关心的国际和地区问题广泛交换意见。中方将秉持真实亲诚理念和正确义利观，弘扬中非友好合作精神，与非方一道推进落实中非合作论坛第八届部长级会议成果，为中非全面战略合作伙伴关系发展注入新动能。
During the visit, Director Wang Yi will have meetings and talks with the leaders of the four countries respectively and exchange views extensively on bilateral relations as well as international and regional issues of mutual interest. China will follow the principles of sincerity, real results, affinity and good faith and its commitment to the greater good and shared interests and act in the spirit of China-Africa friendship and cooperation as we work with Africa to deliver on the outcomes of the eighth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation to further boost the growth of the China-Africa comprehensive strategic and cooperative partnership. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 19, 2023)
♦ 中华人民共和国促进大国协调和良性互动，按照亲诚惠容理念和与邻为善、以邻为伴方针发展同周边国家关系，秉持真实亲诚理念和正确义利观同发展中国家团结合作，维护和践行多边主义，参与全球治理体系改革和建设。
The People's Republic of China works to promote coordination and sound interaction with other major countries and grow relations with its neighboring countries in accordance with the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness and the policy of enhancing friendship and partnership with its neighbors. Guided by the principle of sincerity, delivering outcomes, affinity and good faith and the vision of promoting common good and shared interests, it works to strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. The People's Republic of China upholds and practices multilateralism and participates in the reform and development of the global governance system. (Law on Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China_中华人民共和国对外关系法_2023_06_28)
♦ 近年来，在习近平主席提出的真实亲诚对非政策理念和正确义利观引领下，中非关系不断迈上新台阶、进入构建高水平中非命运共同体的新阶段。
Over the years, guided by the principles of sincerity, real results, amity and good faith, and of pursuing the greater good and shared interests in developing China’s relations with Africa put forth by President Xi Jinping, China-Africa relations have been brought to new heights and entered a new stage of building a high-level China-Africa community with a shared future. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on May 29, 2023)
♦ 秉持真实亲诚理念和正确义利观加强同发展中国家团结合作，维护发展中国家共同利益。
Guided by the principles of sincerity, real results, affinity, and good faith and with a commitment to the greater good and shared interests, China endeavors to strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries and safeguard the common interests of the developing world. (Xi_Jinping_Speech at the 20th National Party Congress_2022_10_16)
Current quote:
美方以所谓他国威胁为借口扩张自身军力，中方对此坚决反对。众所周知，美国将太空界定为“作战疆域”，研发部署进攻性太空武器，组织军事攻防演习和技术实验，甚至恶意跟踪并危险抵近别国航天器，制造太空物体碰撞风险，已成为太空军事化、战场化的最大推手和太空安全的最大威胁。
The US uses the alleged threats from other countries as an excuse to expand its military power. The Chinese side is firmly opposed to this approach. As we all know, the US has defined space as a warfighting domain. It has developed and deployed offensive space weapons, conducted offense and defense exercises and carried out technological experiments. The US even maliciously tracked and dangerously approached other countries’ spacecraft, creating the risk of collisions between space objects. No country has done more than the US in militarizing the space and making it a battlefield and the US is the biggest threat to space security. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 29, 2024)
Previous PRC history of the term:
♦ 事实上，美国近年来以冷战思维持续推进太空军事化进程，公然将太空界定为“作战疆域”，组建太空司令部、成立太空军，大力研发部署定向能、“反卫星通信系统”等进攻性太空武器，频繁举行“施里弗”“全球哨兵”和“太空旗”等军事演习。
In fact, the US has promoted space militarization with a Cold War mentality in recent years. It has declared space to be a war domain, created the United States Space Command, established the space force, and aggressively developed and deployed directed energy, anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) and other offensive space weapons. It has also frequently held military exercises such as Schriever Wargame, Global Sentinel and Space Flag. (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 28, 2022)
♦ 美国长期奉行主导外空战略，公然将外空界定为“作战疆域”，并为此大力研发部署定向能、“反卫星通信系统”等多种进攻性外空武器，全面推进外空军力建设和作战准备。
The US has long pursued a strategy for dominance in space and openly defined outer space as a war-fighting domain. To this end, it has made vigorous efforts to develop and deploy a variety of offensive outer space weapons such as directed energy and Counter Communications System and comprehensively advanced military buildup and preparedness in outer space. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 19, 2022)
♦ 美国政府公然将外空界定为“作战疆域”，加快组建外空军和外空司令部，大力研发部署进攻性外空武器。
After openly defining space as a war-fighting domain, the US government has been accelerating efforts to build a space force and space command and invests heavily on developing and deploying offensive space weapons. (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 13, 2022)
♦ 比如说，美国已经将外空定性为作战疆域，美国宣布组建独立外空部队，美国计划将反导系统部署在外空，而且美国还长期坚持进行外空战演习。
For example, the US has described outer space as a new war-fighting domain, announced its decision to build a space force, planned to deploy anti-ballistic weapons and long been engaging in military drills in outer space. (Foreign Ministry Press Conference on April 10, 2019)