The Strict Hierarchy System in the Bolt Family
Thousands of bolts come together to form a vast engineering structure, wherein the improper use of even one bolt could inflict irreversible damage upon the project. The grade of a bolt is one of the decisive factors determining its performance and application range.
So, what secrets lie within the grades of bolts? And what are the applications of bolts of different grades?
1. The Mysteries of Bolt Grades
Bolt grades typically consist of two numbers. For example, in an 8.8 grade bolt, the first "8" denotes the nominal tensile strength of the bolt material, reaching 800 MPa; the second "8" indicates the ratio of the material's yield strength, which is 0.8. Thus, the nominal yield strength of the bolt material is 800 * 0.8 = 640 MPa.
The entire bolt family is divided into over ten grades:
Regular Bolts: 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8
High-Strength Bolts: 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9
The materials used for high-strength bolts are mostly low-carbon alloy steel or medium-carbon alloy steel, which require heat treatment (e.g., quenching and tempering) before use.
As the "backbone" of the bolt family, high-strength bolts develop different superpowers according to the application environment. Bolts used in coastal or offshore areas require excellent corrosion resistance. Those used in high-temperature or high-pressure environments need to possess outstanding resistance to high temperatures and pressures.
2. Commonly Used Bolt Grades in Different Scenarios
Bolts between grades 4.6 and 4.8 are typically used in general construction or light-duty scenarios such as woodworking.
Grade 8.8 high-strength bolts are suitable for general industry or construction scenarios requiring moderate loads.
Grade 10.9 bolts, with higher strength and durability, are suitable for projects with high loads and pressures, such as mechanical equipment, automobile manufacturing, power towers, or photovoltaic brackets.
Grade 12.9 bolts, with even higher strength and durability, are suitable for extreme load-bearing and high-pressure occasions, such as aerospace, high-speed trains, and wind power generation.
3. Selection and Application of Bolt Grades
When selecting bolts, attention should not only be paid to the load and bolt grade but also to the selection based on different environmental conditions. For example, in environments with high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosion, bolts resistant to high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosion should be chosen.
Of course, higher-grade bolts also come with higher costs. Blind pursuit of higher-grade bolts should be avoided, and bolts that meet the requirements should be chosen to control costs.
After selecting the appropriate bolt grade and material, attention should be paid to ensuring the cleanliness of the bolt holes before installation, checking for dirt, grease, or corrosion inside the bolt holes.
After correctly installing the bolts, detailed information about the bolt installation, such as torque values, installation dates, and relevant parameters, must be recorded. The installed bolts should be marked for future maintenance or replacement.