Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this review study was to assess the risk of exposure to BTEX compounds in gas station workers and operators.
Content
The main components of BTEX compounds are Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene. Petroleum, coal large quantities in crude oil and its products are the most important sources of BTEX compounds. These compounds have both high solubility (found in surface and underground waters) and evaporate quickly. Gas stations are one of the most important sources of emission of these compounds in communities. Workers who work in these places have a lot of exposure to these compounds. Exposure to these dangerous compounds can cause many problems for workers. This study was a narrative review article. According to different databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Cochran and Science Direct, 451 articles were retrieved. 55 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 32 articles were selected in this study. The search was restricted to English-language papers published between 1 February 1995 and 13 August 2022. The results of our study showed that the carcinogenic risk (ILCR) for gas station workers in Bangkok (1.82 ∗ 10−4 − 2.50 ∗ 10−4), Shiraz (6.49∗10−7 − 1.27 ∗ 10−5), Brazil (1.82 ∗ 10−4), Ardabil (390∗10−6 ± 1884 ∗ 10−6) and Johannesburg (3.78 ∗ 10−4) was high. The non-cancer risk for oil industry workers of Dilijan (Iran) who were exposed to toluene was also reported in the range of 10−6∗176. The health of gas station workers is affected by exposure to BTEX and gasoline vapor emissions. According to the result this study, BTEX compounds cause genotoxic changes, chromosomal and genetic abnormalities.
Summary and Outlook
Genotoxicity at high levels in gas station workers can cause cancerous and non-cancerous risks. Improving the production process of diesel fuel and gasoline in refineries, using periodical examinations of workers and operators at gas and fuel stations, using Euro 4 and 5 fuels, and replacing worn out cars can play an important role in reducing the emission of BTEX compounds and thus reducing health risks and carcinogenic.
Acknowledgment
The authors are grateful to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences for providing necessary facilities to perform this research.
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Research funding: This work wasn’t financially supported.
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Author contributions: IM, M-JM, AS, AF, RF-O, MT, NA, SC and MF were principal investigators of the study and drafted the manuscript. M-JM, IM and MF were advisors of the study. IM, M-JM, AS, AF, RF-O, MT, NA, SC and MF performed the statistical analysis. All authors contributed to the design and data analysis and assisted in the preparation of the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.
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Disclosure statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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Consent to participate: ‘Not applicable’ for that specific section.
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