You say potato I say potatoe! I can not let Sunday reading pass without giving a summary of what has been a 20 year work related passion in my life. Sweetpotato first caught my attention in the summer of 2005 when asked a seemingly trivial question. Can we grow sweetpotato in Ireland? It took me another year to really come to grips with that question and how to answer. At that time it was even generally thought it’s not a viable crop anywhere in Northern Europe. However research showed there were 17th century references to it being consumed in England and even grown at Hampton court palace garden!
The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), native to Central and South America, was introduced to Europe during the Age of Exploration. Christopher Columbus is credited with bringing sweet potatoes to Spain, from where Portuguese and Spanish traders facilitated its spread to Africa and Asia. The crop’s genetic adaptability to diverse climates contributed to its global dissemination.
In England, the sweet potato was known and consumed before the common white potato (Solanum tuberosum). In fact, the term “potato” initially referred exclusively to the sweet potato. Its introduction to England is believed to have occurred in the late 16th century, with Sir Walter Raleigh often credited for bringing it to the British Isles.
The sweet potato was considered a delicacy and was associated with aphrodisiac qualities during the Elizabethan era. This belief is reflected in William Shakespeare’s play The Merry Wives of Windsor, where the character Falstaff exclaims, “Let the sky rain potatoes!” In this context, “potatoes” refers to sweet potatoes, which were thought to enhance sexual vigor.
Culinary uses of sweet potatoes in England during the 17th century included sweet dishes. A notable example is a recipe for sweet potato pudding from 1640, found in the recipe book of the Grenville family. This dish combined sweet potatoes with ingredients like cream, sugar, and spices, showcasing the tuber’s versatility and its integration into English cuisine.
Despite its early introduction, the sweet potato did not become a staple food in Europe. Its cultivation was limited by climatic conditions, as it thrives in warmer environments. Consequently, the common white potato, more suited to Europe’s temperate climates, became the predominant tuber crop. Over time, the term “potato” came to be associated primarily with the white potato, leading to some historical confusion between the two.
In summary, the sweet potato’s journey to Europe began at end of 15th century, with its introduction to Spain and spread to other parts of the continent. In England, it enjoyed a period of popularity in the 16th and 17th centuries, even earning mention in Shakespeare’s works. However, due to climatic limitations and the rise of the common white potato, the sweet potato remained a relatively minor component of European diets in the centuries that followed. #sweetpotato #Europe