No abstract available

[en] One of the hallmarks of linear coupling is the resonant exchange of oscillation amplitude between the horizontal and vertical planes when the difference between the unperturbed tunes is close to an integer. The standard derivation of this phenomenon (known as the difference resonance) can be found, for example, in the classic papers of Guignard [1, 2]. One starts with an uncoupled lattice and adds a linear perturbation that couples the two planes. The equations of motion are expressed in hamiltonian form. As the difference between the unperturbed tunes approaches an integer, one finds that the perturbing terms in the hamiltonian can be divided into terms that oscillate slowly and ones that oscillate rapidly. The rapidly oscillating terms are discarded or transformed to higher order with an appropriate canonical transformation. The resulting approximate hamiltonian gives equations of motion that clearly exhibit the exchange of oscillation amplitude between the two planes. If, instead of the hamiltonian, one is given the four-by-four matrix for one turn around a synchrotron, then one has the complete solution for the turn-by-turn (TBT) motion. However, the conditions for the phenomenon of amplitude exchange are not obvious from a casual inspection of the matrix. These conditions and those that give rise to the related sum resonance are identified in this report. The identification is made using the well known formalism of Edwards and Teng [3, 4, 5] and, in particular, the normalized coupling matrix of Sagan and Rubin [6]. The formulae obtained are general in that no particular hamiltonian or coupling elements are assumed. The only assumptions are that the one-turn matrix is symplectic and that it has distinct eigenvalues on the unit circle in the complex plane. Having identified the conditions of the one-turn matrix that give rise to the resonances, we focus on the difference resonance and apply the formulae to the evolution of the horizontal and vertical emittances of a beam distribution upon passing through the resonance. Exact and approximate expressions for the TBT evolution of the emittances are derived and applied to a number of examples

[en] During the commissioning of EBIS beams in Booster in November 2010 and in April, May and June 2011, it was found that the transverse emittances of the EBIS beams just upstream of Booster were much larger than expected. Beam emittances of 11π mm milliradians had been expected, but numbers 3 to 4 times larger were measured. Here and throughout this note the beam emittance, πε₀, is taken to be the area of the smallest ellipse that contains 95% of the beam. We call this smallest ellipse the beam ellipse. If the beam distribution is gaussian, the rms emittance of the distribution is very nearly one sixth the area of the beam ellipse. The normalized rms emittance is the rms emittance times the relativistic factor βγ = 0.06564. This amounts to 0.12π mm milliradians for the 11π mm milliradian beam ellipse. In (1) we modeled the injection and turn-by-turn evolution of an 11π mm milliradian beam ellipse in the horizontal plane in Booster. It was shown that with the present injection system, up to 4 turns of this beam could be injected and stored in Booster without loss. In the present note we extend this analysis to the injection of larger emittance beams. We consider only the emittance in the horizontal plane. Emittance in the vertical plane and the effects of dispersion are treated in (2).

[en] As part of the effort to improve the monitoring of the injection process at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), we have developed a beam diagnostics package which processes the signals from the plates of a pick-up electrode (PUE) located near the injection region of the AGS and provides measurements of the position and angle (with respect to the equilibrium orbit) of the injected beam at the stripping foil where the incident H^- beam is converted into protons. In addition the package provides measurements of the tune and chromaticity of the AGS at injection, and a measurement of the momentum spread of the injected beam. Since these parameters are obtained for a short-pulsed beam at injection we shall refer to the diagnostics package as PIP which stands for Pulsed Injection Parameters

[en] The harmonic content of magnetic field imperfections in the AGS Booster has been determined through careful measurements of the required field corrections of transverse resonances. An analysis of the required correction yielded amplitude and phase information which points to possible sources of imperfections. Dipole and quadrupole imperfections, which are proportional to the field of bending magnets (B), are mainly driven by any misalignment of the magnets. Quadrupole and sextupole imperfections, which are proportional to dB/dt, are driven by imperfections of the eddy-current correction system. The observations also suggest the presence of a remnant field

[en] In this paper the authors describe the latest version of a program they have used for several years to acquire and analyze turn-by-turn data from pick-up electrodes in the AGS Booster during injection. The program determines several parameters of the injected beam including the tunes and the position and angle of the incoming beam. Examples are given for both proton and gold injection

[en] Linear Coupling, introduced by skew quadrupoles, has been used for several years to enhance the multi-turn injection efficiency of gold and other heavy ions in the AGS Booster. In this paper they describe their latest measurements of the injection process and compare with models

[en] The RHIC Retreat 2007 took place on July 16-17 2007 at the Foxwoods Resort in CT, about 3 weeks after the end of the RHIC Run-7. The goal of the Retreat is traditionally to plan the upcoming run in the light of the results from the previous one, by providing a snapshot of the present understanding of the machine and a forum for free and frank discussion. A particular attention was paid to the challenge of increasing the time at store, and the related issue of system reliability. An interesting Session covered all new developments aimed to improve the machine performance and luminosity. In Section 2 we summarize the results from Run-7 for RHIC and the injectors and discuss the present objectives of the RHIC program and performance. Sections 3-6 are summaries of the Retreat sessions focused on preparation for deuteron gold and polarized protons, respectively, machine availability and new developments

[en] Requirements of minimum beam loss for hand-on maintenance and flexibility for future operations are essential for the lattice design of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. In this paper, we present a hybrid lattice that consists of FODO arcs and doublet straights, emphasizing injection and collimation optimization and flexibility, split tunes for coupling control, sextupole families for chromaticity control, and compatibility to future upgrades

[en] As a key component of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Project, the Accumulator Ring will collect the proton beam from the SNS LINAC at an intensity of 2 x 10¹⁴ per pulse at 60 Hz for a total power of 2 MW, exceeding present performance value of existing facilities. Requirements of minimum beam loss for hand-on maintenance and flexibility for future upgrade are essential for the lattice design. In this paper, they study an alternative lattice emphasizing various injection schemes and flexibility for future upgrade. Working points, sextupole families for chromaticity control, and alternate extraction schemes are also considered