[en] The applications of the Positron emission tomography (PET) together with the one radiopharmaceutical 2 - [¹⁸ F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in the area of the medical imaging is expanding quickly and it possesses a bigger impact at the moment in favor of those patient to who suffers an oncological, cardiac or neurological illness in Mexico. (Author)

[en] The present work describes the method for the synthesis of the 2-[¹⁸F]-fluorine-2-deoxy-D-glucose, the radiopharmaceutical of more use in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of cancer at world level. (Author)

[en] The present work describes the more used method for the synthesis of 2 - [¹⁸ F] - fluorine-2-deoxy-D-glucose that is the more used radiopharmaceutical in the nuclear medicine in the cancer diagnostic. The process consists on two chemical reactions: i) [¹⁸ F^-] - nucleophilic radio fluorination and i i) a hydrolysis catalyzed by acid. The first reaction incorporates to the [¹⁸ F]- fluorine labelled inside the organic precursor 1,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetil-2- O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl- β-D-mannopyranose (triflate of mannose). The mechanism of this reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN₂) with the ion [¹⁸ F^-] - fluoride; in the second reaction, the hydrolysis of those protective acetyl groups generate the hydroxyl groups free of the [¹⁸ F]-FDG. The process includes an azeotropic distillation and several purification steps. (Author)

[en] With the purpose of knowing the Anion exchange capacity (CIA) of the hydroxyapatite mineral phase, marketed by BIO-RAD, becomes necessary to saturate the surface of the mineral with an anion specie that possesses a strong affinity by this solid as it is the case of the fluorine. Moreover it takes advantage that offers the radioactive tracer technique, using the radioactive isotope of the fluorine, ¹⁸F, produced in the cyclotron of the UNAM. This saturation is obtained in terms of the quantity of retained fluorine (mmol/ 100 g) in the synthetic hydroxyapatite in function of the concentration of the solution of NaF that oscillates from 0.7 M up to 0.16 M to fixed values of pH of 9.2. Those results demonstrate that to this fixed pH value the saturation of the surface of the hydroxyapatite is achieved in approximately 30 mmol/ 100 g, using important concentrations of NaF that correspond to 0.14 M from now on. This result demonstrates the high capacity of the solid considered to retain considerable quantities of fluorine even to basic pH values. (Author)

[en] With the purpose of diminishing the levels of fluorine in the water in certain areas geographical of the country, the interaction of the fluorine is studied, with a Mexican natural clay, called kaolinite and a synthetic apatite called hydroxyapatite. Due to the discharges concentrations of this element in waters of human consumption cause fluorosis dental and osseous, it is important to propose adsorbent materials able to diminish those elevated concentrations of fluorine. In this investigation work the retention of the fluorine is studied in mineral phases using the tracer radioactive ⁸ F. This retention is expressed in terms of the fixed percent of ¹⁸ F, in a natural kaolinite in solution of NaCl 0.01 M, and in a synthetic hydroxyapatite setting in contact with a solution of NaF 0.01 M and a solution of NaH₂PO₄ 0.01 M, all in function of the value of the p H of the solution. The results demonstrate that the influence of the p H is remarkable in the retention of the fluoride in both minerals, demonstrating that the hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate) it retains in a lot of bigger proportion to the fluorine that the kaolinite (aluminosilicate), all this to values of acid p H, diminishing as the value of the p H increases. (Author)

[en] Full text: Nuclear medicine imaging techniques are non-invasive and monitor the spatiotemporal distribution of molecular events. Radiolabeled RGD-peptides are currently investigated to target integrin receptors for in vivo tumor imaging. The α_vβ₃ integrin is a target structure involved in the angio genesis process which mediates the binding to extracellular matrix via different proteins such as vitronectin, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor. The aim of this research was to prepare [^99mTc]-Lys-D-Phe-RGD and to evaluate its pharmacokinetics in athymic mice with three different induced malignant tumors. Tumor uptake values of ^99mTc-Lys-D-Phe-RGD labeled via HYNIC and EDDA showed good ability to target α_vβ₃ integrin receptors in the three different kinds of tumors (breast, prostate and neuroendocrine). A high in vivo stability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties such as fast blood clearance, rapid renal excretion, low liver and muscle uptake and low intestinal excretion were observed. This study demonstrated that ^99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys-D-Phe-RGD is a specific and potential radiopharmaceutical to image α_vβ₃ integrin receptors in a variety of tumors. (Author)