[en] Purpose: To know the dose of spermary when the patient was radio-treated in head-neck, in thorax, in abdomen with 6MV-X rays, so as to afford experimental dependencies for clinical therapy plan. Methods and Materials ;Put the thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) in a tissue-equivalent anthropomorphic phantom's spermary and irradiated with 6 MV-X rays in different unit of the phantom to measure absorbed doses of spermary. Results: Irradiated in the same unit, both of spermaries' doses are not different, while in different unit, the doses of spermary are different. If 1 Gy dose was given in head-neck or in thorax or in abdomen, the doses that spermary absorbed were 0.155 mGy, 0.340 mGy and 32.075 mGy. conclusion: the routine radiotherapy to the tumour in abdomen will damage spermary, the effective method to decrease the dose of spermary is to use screen blanker

[en] The doses to radiation sensitive organs and structures located outside the radiotherapeutic target volume for nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment are determined. Clinically relevant treatment fields were simulated on a tissue-equivalent anthropomorphic phantom and subsequently irradiated with ⁶⁰Co γ rays and 6 MV X ray beams. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to measure absorbed doses of lens, retinals, pituitary, thyroid (isthmus) et al. Modifications to the basic techniques studied included placement of an eye block on the tray of ⁶⁰Co machine and a block on the surface of testis. The total treatment doses to lens, retinal, pituitary and thyroid when irritated with ⁶⁰Co γ rays are given. When irritated with 6 MV X ray beams, the doses to the organs outside treatment field were lower than those irritated with ⁶⁰Co γ rays. The results show that the total lens dose could be cataractogenic, pituitary and thyroid doses have the potential of causing endocrine deficiencies. The doses to the lens and retinals could be reduced by placing an additional block and 6 MV X ray beams could be a better choice to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma

[en] The purpose of study was to determine the dose of the tissues which located outside the treatment field, when breast cancer was irradiated by 9 MeV electron-beam and 6 MV-X ray after operation. A search for decreasing the dose of the tissues outside the treatment field was made. Clinically relevant treatment fields were simulated on a tissue-equivalent material phantom and subsequently irradiated with 9 MeV electron-beam and 6 MV-X ray. TLD were used to measure absorbed doses. The prescribed dose of breast cancer region was 50.0 Gy, region-lymph-nodes were 60.0 Gy, each exposure dose was 2.0 Gy. In breast cancer region, if only with 9 MeV electron-beam, the dose of the tissues located outside the treatment field were from 29.0 cGy to 295.5 cGy, when shielded with Pb lump, the doses of the tissues outside the treatment field may descended 9.4%-53.6%; if only with 6 MV-X ray, the doses of aforementioned tissues were from 32.0 cGy to 206.7 cGy, when shielded with Pb lump, the doses of the tissues outside the treatment field descended 19.7%-56.6%. In region-lymph-nodes, with 6 MV-X ray, the doses of aforementioned tissues were from 22.5 cGy to 1650.9 cGy, when shielded with Pb lump, the doses of the tissues outside the treatment field descended 19.7-65.6%. If mix-irradiation (9 MeV electron-beam vs. 6 MV-X ray 2:3) was used, the doses outside field would be lower than only used 9 MeV electron-beam or 6 MV-X ray were used

[en] The number of people needed to accept radiotherapy is increasing with the higher incidence of tumor, and the continuous development of radiation therapy technology has extended the long-term survival of patients. Avoiding the occurrence of radiation damage is particularly important. Since NF-κB plays an important role in gene transcription and regulation of radiation damage, this article introduced the structure, activation and function of NF-κB, reviewed the findings of NF-κB alterations in radiation injuries of brain and lung, and sketched the studies of NF-κB inhibitor. (authors)

[en] Efficiency of HWRR-2 control rods has been measured by digital inverse kinetic rod drop method. The results of measurements are compared with results obtained by period method under various water level. The agreement is quite satisfactory

[en] Reactivity efficiencies of some samples in the core center of ZrH_1.7-H₂O-U lattice critical facility are measured by reactor oscillator method. The material worth of ¹⁶⁴Dy, ¹⁵¹Eu, ¹⁷⁶Lu, ¹¹⁵In is determined

[en] The standard treatments of glioblastoma include surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is directly related to the overall survival rate. Nevertheless, the standard delineation of target volume during radiotherapy remains controversial. In this article, different standpoints upon the range of delineation of tumor volume were analyzed and the recurrence pattern of glioblastoma after radiotherapy was summarized. Besides, the technical causes of the failure to accurately delineate the tumor outline were identified. It is of significance to deliver individualized delineation of target volume by referring to the clinical and pathological characteristics of each patient. Finally, the application prospect of radiotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma was discussed in this article, aiming to enhance the accuracy of target volume delineation during radiotherapy and maximize the clinical benefits to the patients. (authors)

[en] Objective: To study the dosage distribution across field junction in early-stage breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery, and provide some advices for radiotherapy in clinical practice. Methods: Five early-stage breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery were included into our observation. Metal oxide-silicon semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) probes were laid on the line with vertical field junction line and interval of 2 mm. After many measurements, the readings were obtained. We were able to study the difference of readings. Results: The dose variation of the third probe was significant in a single measurement of the field junction, but the total average dose was reliable and stable, conpared with the upper and lower probes which were on a smooth line; the skin doses for the chest wall and the breast were 3 669. 75 cGy and 3 887. 5 cGy respectively. Conclusion: It is stable and reliable for the dose on the field junction, however, big bias appear at the boundary in a single measurement. This may have potentially impact on biological effects of radiation; the skin dose of the breast and the chest wall is lower than the planned value. It is necessary to take measures to improve the skin dose value in those areas. (authors)

[en] Objective: To study the effect of dose conformal lead block sheilding on adjacent area outside radiation field. Mehtods: Metal oxide-sill icon semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) probes were laid vertically on the edge of the radiation field intensively. Low melting-point alloy conformal lead blocks of different thickness were used to shield the adjacent area of the radiation field. MOSFET probes were individually measured under different conditions. Results: Comparing shielding conformal lead blocks, with no lead block shielding the surface dose decreased 15% ∼ 20%, within 0 ∼ 2 mm out of the radiation field. There was significant difference (P<0.01). However, there was no significant dose change exceeding 20m5 (from 2 to 10 mm) out of the radiation field (P>0.05), comparing shielding conformal lead blocks with no lead block used. Conclusion: Conformal lead block decreases the surface dose out of the edge of radiation field and can protect the adjacent normal tissues. (authors)

[en] Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) is considered as a key cytokine in the radiation-induced fibrotic program and it can also work as a predictor of radiation pneumonitis. This review discusses the characters and functions of TGF-β1 as well as the role of this cytokine in lung injury after radiotherapy. (authors)