matplotlib.colors.LightSource#

class matplotlib.colors.LightSource(azdeg=315, altdeg=45, hsv_min_val=0, hsv_max_val=1, hsv_min_sat=1, hsv_max_sat=0)[source]#

Bases: object

Create a light source coming from the specified azimuth and elevation. Angles are in degrees, with the azimuth measured clockwise from north and elevation up from the zero plane of the surface.

shade is used to produce "shaded" RGB values for a data array. shade_rgb can be used to combine an RGB image with an elevation map. hillshade produces an illumination map of a surface.

Specify the azimuth (measured clockwise from south) and altitude (measured up from the plane of the surface) of the light source in degrees.

Parameters:

azdegfloat, default: 315 degrees (from the northwest): The azimuth (0-360, degrees clockwise from North) of the light source.
altdegfloat, default: 45 degrees: The altitude (0-90, degrees up from horizontal) of the light source.
hsv_min_valnumber, default: 0: The minimum value ("v" in "hsv") that the intensity map can shift the output image to.
hsv_max_valnumber, default: 1: The maximum value ("v" in "hsv") that the intensity map can shift the output image to.
hsv_min_satnumber, default: 1: The minimum saturation value that the intensity map can shift the output image to.
hsv_max_satnumber, default: 0: The maximum saturation value that the intensity map can shift the output image to.

Notes

For backwards compatibility, the parameters hsv_min_val, hsv_max_val, hsv_min_sat, and hsv_max_sat may be supplied at initialization as well. However, these parameters will only be used if "blend_mode='hsv'" is passed into shade or shade_rgb. See the documentation for blend_hsv for more details.

blend_hsv(rgb, intensity, hsv_max_sat=None, hsv_max_val=None, hsv_min_val=None, hsv_min_sat=None)[source]#

Take the input data array, convert to HSV values in the given colormap, then adjust those color values to give the impression of a shaded relief map with a specified light source. RGBA values are returned, which can then be used to plot the shaded image with imshow.

The color of the resulting image will be darkened by moving the (s, v) values (in HSV colorspace) toward (hsv_min_sat, hsv_min_val) in the shaded regions, or lightened by sliding (s, v) toward (hsv_max_sat, hsv_max_val) in regions that are illuminated. The default extremes are chose so that completely shaded points are nearly black (s = 1, v = 0) and completely illuminated points are nearly white (s = 0, v = 1).

Parameters:

rgbndarray: An (M, N, 3) RGB array of floats ranging from 0 to 1 (color image).
intensityndarray: An (M, N, 1) array of floats ranging from 0 to 1 (grayscale image).
hsv_max_satnumber, optional: The maximum saturation value that the intensity map can shift the output image to. If not provided, use the value provided upon initialization.
hsv_min_satnumber, optional: The minimum saturation value that the intensity map can shift the output image to. If not provided, use the value provided upon initialization.
hsv_max_valnumber, optional: The maximum value ("v" in "hsv") that the intensity map can shift the output image to. If not provided, use the value provided upon initialization.
hsv_min_valnumber, optional: The minimum value ("v" in "hsv") that the intensity map can shift the output image to. If not provided, use the value provided upon initialization.

Returns:

ndarray: An (M, N, 3) RGB array representing the combined images.

blend_overlay(rgb, intensity)[source]#

Combine an RGB image with an intensity map using "overlay" blending.

Parameters:

rgbndarray: An (M, N, 3) RGB array of floats ranging from 0 to 1 (color image).
intensityndarray: An (M, N, 1) array of floats ranging from 0 to 1 (grayscale image).

Returns:

ndarray: An (M, N, 3) RGB array representing the combined images.

blend_soft_light(rgb, intensity)[source]#

Combine an RGB image with an intensity map using "soft light" blending, using the "pegtop" formula.

Parameters:

rgbndarray: An (M, N, 3) RGB array of floats ranging from 0 to 1 (color image).
intensityndarray: An (M, N, 1) array of floats ranging from 0 to 1 (grayscale image).

Returns:

ndarray: An (M, N, 3) RGB array representing the combined images.

property direction#: The unit vector direction towards the light source.

hillshade(elevation, vert_exag=1, dx=1, dy=1, fraction=1.0)[source]#

Calculate the illumination intensity for a surface using the defined azimuth and elevation for the light source.

This computes the normal vectors for the surface, and then passes them on to shade_normals

Parameters:

elevation2D array-like: The height values used to generate an illumination map
vert_exagnumber, optional: The amount to exaggerate the elevation values by when calculating illumination. This can be used either to correct for differences in units between the x-y coordinate system and the elevation coordinate system (e.g. decimal degrees vs. meters) or to exaggerate or de-emphasize topographic effects.
dxnumber, optional: The x-spacing (columns) of the input elevation grid.
dynumber, optional: The y-spacing (rows) of the input elevation grid.
fractionnumber, optional: Increases or decreases the contrast of the hillshade. Values greater than one will cause intermediate values to move closer to full illumination or shadow (and clipping any values that move beyond 0 or 1). Note that this is not visually or mathematically the same as vertical exaggeration.

Returns:

ndarray: A 2D array of illumination values between 0-1, where 0 is completely in shadow and 1 is completely illuminated.

shade(data, cmap, norm=None, blend_mode='overlay', vmin=None, vmax=None, vert_exag=1, dx=1, dy=1, fraction=1, **kwargs)[source]#

Combine colormapped data values with an illumination intensity map (a.k.a. "hillshade") of the values.

Parameters:

data2D array-like: The height values used to generate a shaded map.
cmapColormap: The colormap used to color the data array. Note that this must be a Colormap instance. For example, rather than passing in cmap='gist_earth', use cmap=plt.get_cmap('gist_earth') instead.
normNormalize instance, optional: The normalization used to scale values before colormapping. If None, the input will be linearly scaled between its min and max.
blend_mode{'hsv', 'overlay', 'soft'} or callable, optional: The type of blending used to combine the colormapped data values with the illumination intensity. Default is "overlay". Note that for most topographic surfaces, "overlay" or "soft" appear more visually realistic. If a user-defined function is supplied, it is expected to combine an (M, N, 3) RGB array of floats (ranging 0 to 1) with an (M, N, 1) hillshade array (also 0 to 1). (Call signature func(rgb, illum, **kwargs)) Additional kwargs supplied to this function will be passed on to the blend_mode function.
vminfloat or None, optional: The minimum value used in colormapping data. If None the minimum value in data is used. If norm is specified, then this argument will be ignored.
vmaxfloat or None, optional: The maximum value used in colormapping data. If None the maximum value in data is used. If norm is specified, then this argument will be ignored.
vert_exagnumber, optional: The amount to exaggerate the elevation values by when calculating illumination. This can be used either to correct for differences in units between the x-y coordinate system and the elevation coordinate system (e.g. decimal degrees vs. meters) or to exaggerate or de-emphasize topography.
dxnumber, optional: The x-spacing (columns) of the input elevation grid.
dynumber, optional: The y-spacing (rows) of the input elevation grid.
fractionnumber, optional: Increases or decreases the contrast of the hillshade. Values greater than one will cause intermediate values to move closer to full illumination or shadow (and clipping any values that move beyond 0 or 1). Note that this is not visually or mathematically the same as vertical exaggeration.
**kwargs: Additional kwargs are passed on to the blend_mode function.

Returns:

ndarray: An (M, N, 4) array of floats ranging between 0-1.

shade_normals(normals, fraction=1.0)[source]#

Calculate the illumination intensity for the normal vectors of a surface using the defined azimuth and elevation for the light source.

Imagine an artificial sun placed at infinity in some azimuth and elevation position illuminating our surface. The parts of the surface that slope toward the sun should brighten while those sides facing away should become darker.

Parameters:

fractionnumber, optional: Increases or decreases the contrast of the hillshade. Values greater than one will cause intermediate values to move closer to full illumination or shadow (and clipping any values that move beyond 0 or 1). Note that this is not visually or mathematically the same as vertical exaggeration.

Returns:

ndarray: A 2D array of illumination values between 0-1, where 0 is completely in shadow and 1 is completely illuminated.

shade_rgb(rgb, elevation, fraction=1.0, blend_mode='hsv', vert_exag=1, dx=1, dy=1, **kwargs)[source]#

Use this light source to adjust the colors of the rgb input array to give the impression of a shaded relief map with the given elevation.

Parameters:

rgbarray-like: An (M, N, 3) RGB array, assumed to be in the range of 0 to 1.
elevationarray-like: An (M, N) array of the height values used to generate a shaded map.
fractionnumber: Increases or decreases the contrast of the hillshade. Values greater than one will cause intermediate values to move closer to full illumination or shadow (and clipping any values that move beyond 0 or 1). Note that this is not visually or mathematically the same as vertical exaggeration.
blend_mode{'hsv', 'overlay', 'soft'} or callable, optional: The type of blending used to combine the colormapped data values with the illumination intensity. For backwards compatibility, this defaults to "hsv". Note that for most topographic surfaces, "overlay" or "soft" appear more visually realistic. If a user-defined function is supplied, it is expected to combine an (M, N, 3) RGB array of floats (ranging 0 to 1) with an (M, N, 1) hillshade array (also 0 to 1). (Call signature func(rgb, illum, **kwargs)) Additional kwargs supplied to this function will be passed on to the blend_mode function.
vert_exagnumber, optional: The amount to exaggerate the elevation values by when calculating illumination. This can be used either to correct for differences in units between the x-y coordinate system and the elevation coordinate system (e.g. decimal degrees vs. meters) or to exaggerate or de-emphasize topography.
dxnumber, optional: The x-spacing (columns) of the input elevation grid.
dynumber, optional: The y-spacing (rows) of the input elevation grid.
**kwargs: Additional kwargs are passed on to the blend_mode function.

Returns: