The #airline industry is a highly competitive and dynamic sector. In recent years, major European flag airlines have faced increased competition from low-cost carriers, which have disrupted traditional #business models and forced incumbents to adapt their strategies. Which levers and strategic behaviors have flag carriers employed to cope with increased competition? Do all carriers' strategic behaviors converge in response to the evolving market? How do internal and external factors correlate with these strategies? Findings suggest that major European airline incumbents have adopted a five-pillar strategic framework to cope with increasing #competition: (1) Strategic focus toward long-haul, (2) Emphasis on cost reduction, (3) Hybridization of business, (4) Geostrategic positioning, (5) Aggregation dynamics. https://lnkd.in/dm8ZWXhp
