Kalyan Bommakanti’s Post

Types of Pituitary Adenomas: Functioning Adenomas: These tumors produce hormones and cause symptoms based on the type of hormone they secrete. Examples include: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) adenomas: Also known as corticotroph adenomas. Growth hormone (GH) adenomas: Also called somatotroph adenomas. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) adenomas: Known as gonadotroph adenomas. Prolactinomas: These tumors secrete prolactin and are also called lactotroph adenomas. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) adenomas: Referred to as thyrotroph adenomas. Nonfunctioning Adenomas: These tumors do not produce hormones but can cause symptoms due to pressure on nearby structures. Symptoms: Not all pituitary tumors cause symptoms. Some are incidentally discovered during imaging tests. Symptoms may result from tumor pressure on the brain or nearby structures. Treatment Options: Surgery: The tumor may be surgically removed. Medications: Hormone levels can be managed with medication. Radiation Therapy: Used to control tumor growth. Observation: Sometimes, a “wait-and-see” approach is appropriate. Treatment depends on the tumor type, size, and symptoms.

𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗮 It is a Malignant tumor of Squamous Cell Epithelium. It is the most common Malignancy in Cats and is Locally Invasive. 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁: Jason, a 6 years old, male DSH 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀: ● Mass effect ● Ptyalism ● Dysphagia ● Halitosis ● Poor grooming ● Bloody saliva ● Weight loss ● Hyporexia or avoidance of hard foods ● Misdiagnosed Congenital History (Siblings had same History like Jason, but they died due to misdiagnosis) 𝗣𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝘅𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀: ● Erythematous, ulcerated & fleshy lesion ● Facial swelling or deformity ● Minor Exophthalmos ● Pain on opening jaw ● Inflamed buccal mucosa ● Inflamed palatoglossal fold ● Bleeding with abnormal tissue growth ● Inflamed submandibular lymph node 𝗗𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀: ● Swab Cytology Deformed nucleated cells ● FNA Multinucleated Cancer cells in Mitotic phase. ● CBC Erythrocytosis Lymphopenia High HB ● LFT & RFT Slight deviations from normal values 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Chemotherapy (Protocol for Feline) 1) 𝙑𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙚 0.5-0.7 mg/m2 IV on weeks 1,2,3,4,7,10,13,16, 19, 22 and so on with 3 weeks gap. 2) 𝘾𝙮𝙘𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙝𝙤𝙨𝙥𝙝𝙖𝙢𝙞𝙙𝙚 200-250 mg/m² PO or IV ( give the day after Vincristine) on weeks 1,4,7,10,13,16,19 and so on with 3 weeks gap. 3) 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙙𝙣𝙞𝙨𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙣𝙚 2 mg/Kg PO q24 hrs for 7 days, then 1.5 mg/ Kg PO 924 hrs for 7 days, then 1 mg/Kg PO q24 hrs for 7 days, then 1 mg/Kg PO q48 hrs throughout the protocol. ○ Cisplatin Contraindicated in Cats. (Surgical resection of tumor is also an option but minor tissue remnants can cause reoccurrence) 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀: Prognosis is poor even after Chemotherapy or Surgery with 10% survival rate. Post treatment Cats survive for 1 more year.

Further to my previous post about warning signs that may appear in some of patients the next step is to approach a doctor who will evaluate and direct some tests. #prostatecancer 1. DRE - digital rectal examination is first he does with his fingers to ascertain the softness/ hardness of our prostate through the Anu’s. Incase of any positive he further suggests- 2. PSA - this is done through blood examination by a pathologist . Our prostate makes a protein , which is known as prostate specific antigen.a rise in this usually over 4 may indicate chances of malignancy. PSA may also rise in BPH or prostatitis another two diseases of prostate. 3. Biopsy- is supposedly most sure to confirm the result. A small portion (cores) of prostate are taken out and sent for analysis under microscope and a pathologist give s his evaluation of the tissue. Now based on results of our prostate ,treatment is to be undertaken. 1. Active surveillance-this is done by active follow-up with your practitioner and regular tests are done at regular intervals like Dre , psa and biopsy to observe the growth of cancer . 2. Surgery ( prostatectomy) is one of the surest way to get your malignant cancer out by removing the prostate itself . 3. Radiation- different types of external or internal radiation with low and high focussed precise beam is given to the affected area to kill the cancer cells. 4. Medications- in some cases medication is suggested or people in conditions where surgery or radiation is not possible. Also in prostatitis medication is given to kill the bacterial affect and infection. 5. Exercises and stress management also help reduce pain and spasm and help in anxiety related symptoms. #menshealth #prostatehealth

#Osteosarcoma, also called #OsteogenicSarcoma, is the most common type of #BoneCancer. ~What causes osteosarcoma? The direct cause of osteosarcoma is unknown. However, there are some risk factors, including: 1. Rapid bone growth: The risk of osteosarcoma increases during a child and adolescent’s growth spurts. 2. Exposure to radiation: This might have occurred from treatment for another type of cancer. This can take a few or several years to occur. 3. Genetic factors: Osteosarcoma is one of several types of rare cancers in young people. This may be related to the retinoblastoma gene, which can be associated with eye cancers in young children or with other #tumours in children and young adults in which a mutation of the p53 gene is involved. 4. Bone infarction: This happens when there is a lack of blood supply to your bone tissue. This destroys the cells. ~ Osteosarcoma Symptoms Warning signs of osteosarcoma include: • Swelling or lumps around bones or the ends of bones • Bone or joint pain or soreness (This pain may come and go for months. Each person can feel different degrees of bone pain, depending on where the cancer is located and if it has spread.) • Broken bones without a clear reason • Pain at night, often extreme • Pain after exercise • Limping • Respiratory or breathing problems if the cancer has spread to the lungs Talk to an Orthopaedic Oncologist if these signs do not go away in a couple of weeks or if they get worse. Knowing the risk factors and symptoms can help you catch osteosarcoma early before it has spread, helping make treatment more effective. Talk to an Orthopaedic Oncologist if you have any symptoms of osteosarcoma. For consultation with an #OrthopaedicOncologist, please call on ph 022 3547 5757 or click on the link https://buff.ly/3U7tfmT

Ophthopedia Update:Long-term outcomes of glued (sutureless) amniotic membrane transplantation in acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: a comparative study: Purpose To compare the effectiveness and efficiency of a glued (sutureless) technique for amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) with a traditional sutured one in the setting of acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN).Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients diagnosed with SJS/TEN between 2008 and 2020 within our hospital network who received AMT in the acute phase according to our protocol and had at least one ophthalmic follow-up in the chronic phase. Primary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the most recent visit, presence of a severe ocular complication (SOC) via predefined criteria, time to procedure and duration of procedure. Random effects model analysis was used to evaluate the impact of potential covariates on outcome measures.Results A total of 23 patients (45 eyes) were included: 14 patients (27 eyes) in the AMT suture group and 9 patients (18 eyes) in the AMT glue group. There was no difference between the two groups in BCVA at the most recent visit (p=0.5112) or development of a SOC (p=1.000). The glue method was shorter in duration than the suture method (p #Ophthalmology #Ophthotwitter #BJO

What is the risk of blood clot after total knee replacement? Did you know that the risk of developing a DVT (deep vein thrombosis) or blood clot after a knee replacement is as high as 80% without any preventive measures? With preventive measures like aspirin or other blood thinners, that risk decreases to 3%. However, with approximately 1 million total knee replacements expected to be performed in the U.S. in 2024, that 3% still translates to around 30,000 blood clots—a significant number. 1.5% of patients who undergo total knee replace will experience a blood clot that travels to the lungs, known as a pulmonary embolism (PE). Unfortunately, a quarter of these individuals will suffer sudden death, with no warning signs. This means that in 2024, an estimated 3,750 people could die suddenly from a PE after knee replacement surgery. In comparison, the risk of DVT and many other complications after regenerative medicine procedures like PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) or BMAC (Bone Marrow Aspirate Cells) injections is significantly lower. While total knee replacements are still necessary for many patients who have failed all other measures for their knee arthritis, these statistics highlight the importance of seeking alternatives when possible and exhausting all conservative/minimally invasive/non invasive measures first. By focusing on prevention, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine, among many other things, we aim to reduce knee replacements in the years to come. Our mission: Knee Replacement Free by ’43. #DVT #PulmonaryEmbolism #KneeReplacementRisks #RegenerativeMedicine #KneeHealth #KneeRepairNOTKneeReplacement #PreventativeCare #VictoryInMotion #ProactiveHealth #KneeReplacementFreeBy43 For more information on safer alternatives to knee replacement, contact us at: 📞 315-685-7544 / 315-707-8891 📧 Regen@victoryinmotion.com 🌐 www.victoryinmotion.com

#Chemotherapy is sometimes used to treat #VaginalCancer. Unlike Surgery and #RadiationTherapy, which only target specific areas, chemotherapy is a systemic treatment, meaning that it can destroy cancerous cells throughout the entire body. As a result, it is often used to address any cancerous cells that have started to spread. There are a number of different options for vaginal cancer chemotherapy. Most medications are infused into the bloodstream, but others are available as pills or topical lotions. While some patients are prescribed a single medication, most receive a combination of two or more chemo drugs. ~ What are the common side effects of chemotherapy? Side effects are common with chemotherapy, but it is important to know that they can often be controlled or even prevented. Most side effects go away over time after treatment ends. Side effects depend on the type and dose of #chemo you get and vary from person to person. Some common side effects include: · #Nausea and #vomiting · Mouth sores · #Constipation or #diarrhea · #HairLoss · Infections from low white blood cell levels · Easy bruising or bleeding from low numbers of platelets in the blood · Tiredness from low red blood cell counts · Loss of appetite · Dizziness · Skin problems, such as dryness, rash, blistering, or darkening skin · Tingling, numbness, or swelling in hands or feet (called #neuropathy) · Hearing problems · Kidney problems · Changes in #menstruation or ability to have children (fertility). Most people with vaginal cancer have already gone through #menopause. Most side effects will go away or get better between treatments and after treatment ends. But some can last longer or be permanent. There may be things you can do to help control some of these side effects. Tell your #Oncologist about any side effects you have. They can help you cope with them. For consultation with #GynaecologicOncologist, please call at ph +91 9820458696 or visit the website by clicking on the link https://buff.ly/3rXKU51

Tongue cancer is a type of oral cancer that develops in the tissues of the tongue. It typically begins in the squamous cells on the surface of the tongue. Risk factors include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and a history of oral cancer. Symptoms may include a persistent sore on the tongue, pain, difficulty swallowing, a lump, or changes in voice. Early detection and treatment, which may involve surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, are crucial for improving outcomes. Regular dental check-ups and avoiding risk factors can help in prevention. #TongueCancer #OralCancer #CancerAwareness #HPVAwareness #Health #Oncology #CancerPrevention #EarlyDetection #StayHealthy #QuitSmoking #LimitAlcohol #CancerTreatment #RadiationTherapy #Chemotherapy #Surgery #SupportCancerPatients #radiationoncologistbhubneshwar #radiationtherapy

📃Scientific paper: Chronic kidney disease following nephrectomy for renal tumours: retrospective analysis risk factors Abstract: Objective We aimed to determine factors responsible for chronic kidney disease (CKD) following nephrectomy for renal tumours. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken in patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy due to kidney tumour between January 2015 and June 2020. Patients with eGFR above 60 ml/min/1.73m^2 were included in the study. Demographic information, surgical features, eGFR values and some comorbidities of patients were recorded. The patients were evaluated for the development of CKD according to the CKD-EPI equation postoperatively. Results One hundred and sixty-six patients who underwent radical ( n  = 125) or partial ( n  = 41) nephrectomy were included to study. According to the logistic regression analysis, radical nephrectomy (adjusted OR 0.139 (95% CI 0.038–0.507), p  = 0.003), age (adjusted OR 1.037 (95% CI 1.001–1.074), p  = 0.045), preoperative proteinuria (adjusted OR 0.251 (95% CI 0.084–0.750) p  = 0.013) and preoperative lower eGFR (adjusted OR 0.943 (95% CI 0.917–0.969) p  < 0.001) were determined as independent predictor for development of CKD. Conclusions CKD is an important disease that causes morbidity and mortality. Age, type of surgery and preoperative eGFR and preoperative proteinuria are an independent risk factor for CKD development. Patients should be informed about this problem before surgery. Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/oQIdv ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

📃Scientific paper: Sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices are associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma in Chinese patients with thyroid nodules Abstract: Background The association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and thyroid cancer is unknown, and we aimed to investigate the association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in Chinese patients with thyroid nodules (TNs). Methods A total of 1,998 patients undergoing thyroid surgery due to TNs from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were included in this study. We evaluated central sensitivity to thyroid hormones, such as thyroid stimulating hormone index (TSHI), TSH T4 resistance index (TT4RI), thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), and parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based Index (PTFQI). Peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormone was evaluated by FT3 to FT4 ratio. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and PTC risk. Results The results showed that central indices of thyroid hormone sensitivity, including TSHI, TT4RI, TFQI, and PTFQI, were positively associated with PTC risk. For each SD increase in TSHI, TT4RI, TFQI, and PTFQI, the odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) of PTC were 1.31 (1.18–1.46), 1.01 (1.01–1.02), 1.94 (1.45–2.60), and 1.82 (1.41–2.34), respectively. On the other hand, the association between peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormone and PTC was significantly negative. For each SD increase in FT3/FT4 ratio, the OR (95% CI) of PTC was 0.18 (0.03–0.96), and a negative correlation was found between FT3/FT4 ratio and TNM... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/lY0ET ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.