Cochineal red -cas no.1343-78-8 Basic information

Cochineal red - Basic information

Cochinia red is an organic compound, the molecular formula is C22H20O13, is a natural pigment extracted from the female cochinia growing in different areas, different types of cacti, color pink to purple. As a natural pigment used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and textiles production.

Physical and chemical properties

Cochineal red is an anthraquinone derivative, the appearance of red rhomboid crystal or reddish brown powder. Cochineal red products are also marketed as dark red viscous liquids. Insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in hot water or ethanol. Soluble in alkali, insoluble in dilute acid.

Insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzene. In alkali and dilute acid, the color changes with the pH of the solution, acidic orange yellow, neutral dark red, alkaline purple.

Chinese name cochineal worm red

English name Cochineal

Alias 1-(4-sulfo-1-azobenzene)- 2-naphthol -6, 8-disulfonic acid trisodium salt

Food coloring red 7 C.I.

Acid red 18 C.I

Beautiful spring red 4 r

Edible rouge oil

New cochineal red

cochineal

Carmine acid

English alias cochenilledye

cochineal(dye)

7 - beta - D - Glucopyranosyl - 3,5,6,8 - tetrahydroxy - 1 - methyl - 9, 10 - dioxoanthracene - 2 - carboxylic acid

3,5,6,8 - tetrahydroxy - 1 - methyl - 9, 10 - dioxo - 7 - [three, four, five - trihydroxy - 6 - (hydroxymethyl) oxan - 2 - yl] anthracene - 2 - carboxylic acid

3,5,6,8 - tetrahydroxy - 9, 10 - diketo - 1 - methyl - 7 - (three, four, five - trihydroxy - 6 - methylol tetrahydropyran - 2 - yl) anthracene - 2 - carboxylic acid

Cochineal acid

NATURAL RED 4

FD AND C CARMINE

CAS 1343-78-8

EINECS 215-680-6

Chemical formula C22H20O13

The molecular weight of 492.39

Powder and color Red

Physical and chemical PROPERTIES Chemical properties is a fine and close powder block, bright and uniform color, easy to apply when using, moderate coverage, a certain amount of water resistance, sweat resistance, easy to remove makeup, will not make the skin pigmented.

Product Use Use Edible red pigment. According to Japanese regulations can be used for tomato sauce, foreign wine, candy, strawberry jam, beverages, cold drinks, sausages, cakes, etc.

Safety Term S22 - Do not breathe dust.

S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

WGK Germany 2

RTECS GG5350000

Upstream raw material carmine acid

Downstream products Carmine carmine

Cochineal red - Nature

Data to be checked

Color index 75470

Merck 2457

Last updated at 2022-05-16 13:41:07

Cochineal red - Method of production

Data to be checked

Female Dactylopius coccus was extracted with water, dilute alcohol or alcohol, and aluminum hydroxide was added to the extract and precipitated. The molecular ratio of aluminum to carmine acid is l: 2. Food should be pasteurized or otherwise treated to eliminate all Salmonella bacteria before use.

Extraction method

Cochineal red as a safe natural pigment, the study on the extraction of cochineal red pigment has economic and social significance.

Cochineal red is the pigment extracted from the body of female cochineal beetles living on cacti plants. It is the red pigment extracted from the dry body of female cochineal beetles after grinding. The main ingredient is carmine acid (also known as carmine acid, which is an anthraquinone derivative). Cochineal beetles are native to Central and South America, Mexico and other places. Especially Peru and the Canaries. It IS estimated THAT THE TOTAL GLOBAL PRODUCTION of cochineal red IS about 250 ~ 300 tons, with Peru alone accounting for 200 tons. Mexican people have long used wild cochineal to extract cochineal red, and has been raising for hundreds of years, the 15th century Spanish people began to grow cactus in the mainland and Canary Islands to raise cochineal red pigment.

In 1997, China's Ministry of Agriculture successfully introduced Mexico's Mibonta cactus, and established large-scale production bases in Beijing, Hainan and other places.

Cochineal beetles on cacti plants (3 photos)

Cui Yi et al. studied the extraction and purification process of cochineal red and obtained a new process for the preparation of cochineal red pigment from cochineal red through enzymatic hydrolysis and upper column purification. The response surface method (RSM) was applied to the extraction process of cochineal red pigment for the first time, and the optimal extraction conditions were obtained by response surface (RSM) test: The extraction temperature was 77℃, the solvent concentration was 50%, the extraction time was 1.54 h, the ratio of liquid to material was 20: l, and the extraction was performed three times. The extraction yield of this process was 17.62% (gig cochineal pigment). The enzyme hydrolysis method was used to eliminate the impurity protein, and the macroporous adsorption resin method was used to enrich and purify the red pigment of cochineal worm. [5]

use

Cochineal red use

Cochineal, can be used as food, medicines and cosmetics shaded especially gargle, powders, and powder, ointment, used for solid powder dosage form shading, appropriate to its soluble in small amount of concentrated ammonia solution, then add to the powder, the grinding for a long time, in order to obtain uniform distribution of the best color to use aluminum salt or tin salt mordant, silk and wool dyed bright red. It can be used as pigment of food, cosmetics, indicator of titration ammonia solution, reagent of microscopic analysis, fluorescence analysis, etc.

cosmetics

Can be used for lipstick, foundation, eye shadow, eyeliner, nail polish and baby products.

medicine

Cochineal is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a coating material for tablets and pellets and as a colorant for capsule shells.

food

Cochineal red use

Cochineal red can also be used in food such as candy, drinks, meat products.

In addition to its coloring function, studies have shown that cochineal red pigment has an obvious effect on preventing DNA damage caused by carcinogens [6], and can be used in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases (such as vesicular stomatitis, herpetic stomatitis, etc.), cancer and AIDS [7].

Cochineal red and yellow, orange, red pigments, such as curcumin, carmine orange, pepper red, β-carotene can be mixed out of a series of different shades of products.

The stability of

In order to ensure the quality of cochineal red pigment, Zhang Jinfeng et al. focused on the effects of pH value, sunshine, temperature, storage, some metal ions and some food additives on the stability of cochineal red pigment. The results showed that THE RED pigment of COchinensis was an excellent natural red pigment for food. It was bright purple in weak acidic or neutral environment, but the color changed under alkaline condition. The pigment solution has a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 494 nm at pH 5.7.

Therefore, the determination of pigment value can be used as a reference. The storage and thermal stability of the pigment were good, but the photostability was poor. After 24 h of direct sunlight, the retention rate of the pigment was only 18.4%. In addition, the oxidation resistance of the pigment is weak, which is greatly influenced by the metal ion Fe3 +. But the reducing substance has the color protection effect to the pigment. In addition, cochineal red pigment is stable to most food additives and has a wide range of applications. [8]

The national standard

Quality standard

The quality standard of cochineal red is that the heavy metal content index shall not exceed: As3ppm, Pb10ppm, Hg1ppm, Cd1ppm, the total heavy metal content (in Pb) shall not exceed 40ppm, and Salmonella shall not be detected.

Standard for food additives

According to the national standard of the People's Republic of China: Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2011), according to the national standard in China, the scope of application and maximum usage of cochineal red in food are shown in the following table: 0.05%-1%