[en] This paper describes the experimental and computational development of a natural breast phantom, anthropomorphic and anthropometric for studies in dosimetry of brachytherapy and teletherapy of breast. The natural breast phantom developed corresponding to fibroadipose breasts of women aged 30 to 50 years, presenting radiographically medium density. The experimental breast phantom was constituted of three tissue-equivalents (TE's): glandular TE, adipose TE and skin TE. These TE's were developed according to chemical composition of human breast and present radiological response to exposure. Completed the construction of experimental breast phantom this was mounted on a thorax phantom previously developed by the research group NRI/UFMG. Then the computational breast phantom was constructed by performing a computed tomography (CT) by axial slices of the chest phantom. Through the images generated by CT a computational model of voxels of the thorax phantom was developed by SISCODES computational program, being the computational breast phantom represented by the same TE's of the experimental breast phantom. The images generated by CT allowed evaluating the radiological equivalence of the tissues. The breast phantom is being used in studies of experimental dosimetry both in brachytherapy as in teletherapy of breast. Dosimetry studies by MCNP-5 code using the computational model of the phantom breast are in progress. (author)

[en] The objective of this work was to develop XR-QA2 radiochromic film processing protocols for dosimetry studies in diagnostic radiology. The article details each of these processing steps, and it can be concluded that the XR-QA2 radiochromic film processing protocols developed are in accordance with the instructions of the film, scanner and ImageJ software manufacturers. This makes it possible to optimize dosimetry studies in the area of diagnostic radiology

[en] This work aimed to survey the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on Radiology teaching in the State of Minas Gerais. The methodology adopted is part of stage 2 of the national research project in the area of radiology entitled “Survey of the scenario of radiological techniques in the COVID-19 pandemic”. Technical and higher education institutions in radiology in Minas Gerais were invited to participate in the research by answering a questionnaire via Google Forms, with questions that addressed the guidelines for Emergency Remote Teaching (ERE), whether there was training and administrative technical support, number of teachers and absences during the pandemic, the perception of reception and performance at ERE by teachers, coordinators and students. The target audience was made up of managers and education coordinators from institutions offering teaching courses in radiological techniques in Minas Gerais (MG)

[en] The objective of this work was to present the Improvement Course in Technological Radiology as a alternative strategy to provide practical experience for trained professionals who already work or intend to work directly with health imaging technologies. This study consisted of field research, descriptive, qualitative, case study type. The chosen scenario was the Improvement Course in Technological Radiology – Improvement Modality - Professional Training, in a public teaching hospital in Southeast Brazil

[en] This work aims to present a literature review on the main types of tumors that affect the eyeball and the techniques of brachytherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy applied to the treatment of the disease, comparing clinical approaches used in each method and their respective limitations associated with the anatomy under study

[en] Radiological examinations in which patients are submitted have increased considerably, increasing exposure to ionizing radiation. Much is known about the entrance surface dose in various radiological techniques, however doses in sensitive organs of the body in most studies are measured from simulations and virtual phantoms, evaluated from external measurements.Thus, it was proposed in this work to measure absorbed doses in internal organs of a female thorax phantom, through X-ray exposures. Two X-ray equipment and a thorax phantom from the Research Group NRI/UFMG were used for the study. XR-A2 radiochromic films, used as dosimeters,were positioned inside the of the phantom, located in the heart, right and left lung, breast, and skin. Two exposures were performed, in anteroposterior (AP) and lateral thorax positioning. After the exposures, the radiochromic films were digitized and maps of their intensities were generated in RGB (red, green, and blue). The data of the irradiated films were converted into optical density and then into dose, according to the calibration curve constructed. Average dose values and their standard deviations were generated for analysis and for evaluation of the absorbed doses in the tissue equivalent (TE) of internal organs. After analysis, it was observed that the average doses found in the internal organs TE are correlated with the reference levels of Normative Instruction (NI) Nº52 and Nº54 of the Collegiate Board Resolution (CBR) Nº330, recommended for entrance surface dose in adult patients and average glandular dose. The study demonstrates the possibility of monitoring the absorbed doses in internal organs using anthropomorphic and anthropometric phantoms.Thus, new optimization methodologies can be developed to minimize biological and clinical damage induced by radiation exposure in radiodiagnosis. (author)

[en] The present research investigates the radiological visibility of ceramic and polymeric devices implanted in breast phantom (in vitro) for future applications in brachytherapy treatments. The main research goal is to investigate the viability of monitoring ceramic and polymeric devices, in vitro based on simple methods of radiological diagnostic, maintaining the easiest access to the population, represented by the conventional X-ray and mammography. The methodology involves the processing of ceramic devices constituted by bioglasses of Sm, SmBa, Ho, HoBa and the production of polymeric devices, such as polymeric membranes incorporating Ho e HoBa. Contrast agent of Barium was introduced in the syntheses of those devices to improve the radiological visibility in breast equivalent-tissue (TE) phantom. The breast phantom is constituted of glandular, adipose and skin TE, reproducing a 5 cm compressed real breast. In the compressed breast phantom, all types of ceramic and polymeric devices were implanted side by side. Radiological images were generated through X-ray equipment, mammography and computerized tomography (TC), for the samples implanted in the compressed breast phantom. The results show that SmBa and HoBa seeds on breast phantom presented suitable radiological visibility, on all the radiological diagnostic methods. However, the X-rays radiological visibility of Sm seeds without contrast was discreet. On mammography and TC images, it was not possible to identify those seeds, because the same ones were degraded after two months immersed in the glandular TE, after placed on the phantom. The Ho seeds were identified on all radiological diagnostic images, although non contrast agent in its constitution was added. However, the holmium polymeric membranes in direct contact with TE did not show Xray radiological visibility. However, the polymeric membranes of HoBa in the same conditions presented efficient X-rays radiological response. For mammography and TC methods, all membranes, with or without contrast, could be identified on the images. In all the radiological investigation, the implanted devices present enough response for visual clinical identification. However, the radiological gray-level density varied according to the method chosen. As conclusion, X-rays and mammography radiological diagnostic methods can be used to monitor implants on compressed breast, identifying the ceramic and polymeric devices in quantity and position on the implants. (author)

[en] This study aims to develop experimental dosimetry of Ho-166 bio glass seed for brachytherapy studies using GAFCHROMIC EBT2 radio chromium films. The methodology consists of placement of radio chromium films in a compressed breast phantom, along with bio glass polymer-protected seeds of [Si: Ca: Ho] and [Si: Ca: Ho: Zr]. The bio glass seeds were encapsulated with polyvinyl alcohol, before being activated and used in the study. The bio glass seeds were introduced into the breast phantom, along with radio chromium films for a period of 2 hours. After the exposure time, radio chromium films were removed from phantom and digitized for analysis in ImageDIG 2.0 program, which quantifies the intensity of RGB (Red, Green, Blue). The dose calculation was evaluated by Monte Carlo technique. Experimental and theoretical data were used to calibrate the dose distribution. The results were plotted on graphs and dose iso curves were obtained. As conclusion it is possible to perform dosimetry in Ho-166 seed brachytherapy using radio chromium films, limited to a short exposure time and small activity. (author)

[en] In this work, a calibration curve was obtained to be used in experimental dosimetry studies for the treatment of keloids and skin cancers using high dose rate brachytherapy. With future impacts being related to improving the evaluation of radiotherapy plans by the multidisciplinary team. Due to the effects of radiotherapy being dose dependent, the best way to evaluate the result of a treatment is to ensure that the prescribed dose was absorbed by the patient. With the results in hand, it is possible to evaluate the radiotherapy treatment protocols used, increase the effectiveness of treatments, and improve the expected results

[en] On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic. On March 17, 2020, the Ministry of Education (MEC) published Ordinance No. 343, which replaces face-to-face classes with digital classes, while the New Coronavirus - COVID-19 pandemic situation lasts, in higher education institutions member of the federal education system. To understand the impacts on training courses for professionals in radiological techniques, technicians and technologists in Radiology, a nationwide survey was carried out to survey the teaching-learning scenario in this context of the pandemic